Search

Four receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs) phosphorylate guanine nucleotide exchange factors (RopGEFs), filling a critical gap in the signalling pathway connecting cell surface auxin and RHO GTPases (ROPs) in Arabidopsis.

A technique that spontaneously detaches a 2D material from the substrate on which it was grown creates high-quality nanoscale electronic devices.

Polygenic scores for body mass index and obesity constructed using data from 5 million people with different ancestries were associated with distinct weight gain trajectories from early childhood to adulthood.

Solid-state sodium metal batteries require solid electrolytes with high ionic conductivity and optimal electrode compatibility. Here, the authors introduce the Na₅SmSi₄O₁₂ solid electrolyte with a crystalline-to-amorphous transformation, achieving 4000 cycles lifetime without capacity decline.

To overcome various challenges in forensic pathology, the authors present SongCi, a visual-language AI trained on multi-modal autopsy cases of various cohorts. SongCi detects diverse post-mortem diseases and injuries and gives clear image-text explanations for forensic analysis, rivaling senior pathologists.

C−H bond functionalization is widely used in chemical synthesis but achieving regio- and stereoselectivity is still challenging. Here, the authors report the mechanism of three Fe(II)/α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases in bicyclomycin synthesis, which depicts the natural strategy to sequentially hydroxylate specific C–H bonds of similar substrates (cyclodipeptides)

Here, the authors perform large trans-ancestry fine-mapping analyses identifying large numbers of association signals and putative target genes for colorectal cancer risk, advancing our understanding of the genetic and biological basis of this cancer.

Basal multicellular animals are capable of coordinated movement despite the absence of an organize nervous system, though it remains unclear how cells communicate in these organisms. Here they use the placozoa Trichoplax to screen for active signaling molecules, and find that epinephrine can induce coordinated movement in these animals.

Authors present the in vivo assessment of a compound, F8, from a synthetic antibiotic class, showing efficacy against antibiotic resistance bacteria and insight into its mechanism of action.

A trans-ancestry meta-analysis of GWAS of glycemic traits in up to 281,416 individuals identifies 99 novel loci, of which one quarter was found due to the multi-ancestry approach, which also improves fine-mapping of credible variant sets.

Analysis of snRNA genes in individuals with rare disorders identifies de novo and recurrent variants in RNU5B-1 and RNU5A-1, in addition to previously unreported cases with pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in RNU4-2.

A multi-ancestry genome-wide association study meta-analysis, combined with transcriptome- and methylome-wide association analyses, identifies risk loci associated with colorectal cancer. Credible effector genes and their target tissues are also highlighted, showing that over a third probably act outside the colonic mucosa.

Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of the overproduction of oxalate in the liver alleviates metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis in male mice.

A multi-ancestry genome-wide gene–smoking interaction study identifies 13 new loci associated with serum lipids.

Cyclases that are able to build medium-sized rings are rare and mechanistic insights are sparse. Now, computational and experimental studies reveal how SoBcmB enables the construction of an eight-membered O-heterocycle over the intrinsically more favourable five-membered tetrahydrofuran in bicyclomycin biosynthesis.

Slow growth rate of synthetic methylotrophs affects methanol valorization. Here, the strains self-adjust expression of topoisomerase I inhibitor to alleviate transcription-replication conflicts in synthetic methylotrophic E. coli and reduce its doubling time to that of natural methylotrophs.

Low-temperature ultraclean integration of large-area MoS₂ thin-film transistors with nitride micro-LEDs through a back end of line process enables the demonstration of displays with high resolution and uniformity.

In our nose, some neuron subpopulations express a family of trace amine associated receptors (TAARs, smelling e.g., rotten fish). Fei et al. identify two conserved enhancers across placental mammals named TAAR enhancer 1 and 2 that coordinately regulate expression of the entire Taar gene repertoire.

By integrating split ferroelectric capacitors with complementary characteristics in the same memory cell, this architecture tackles the problem of conflicting memory requirements for training and inference, which has long plagued edge intelligence applications.

Realizing artificial synapses that mirror those found in the brain is a major challenge. Here, the authors demonstrate the fabrication of a laterally coupled oxide-based artificial synapse via a self-assembling process.

Potassium-sulfur battery are promising materials for next-generation high energy, low cost batteries. Here the authors explore a tungsten based catalytic composite for optimizing potassium polysulfides and improve K-S electrochemistry in batteries

Developing iontronic pressure sensors with high sensitivity in a wide linear range can be challenging due to a trade-off between sensitivity and linear range. Here, authors bypass this limitation by using laser-assisted gradient micro-pyramids and insights from multiphysics simulations.

Imines are often used as directing/chelating groups in C(sp3)–H activations of due to their ease of installation and removal, but have been rarely explored in the context of aryl C(sp2)–H activations of aryl amines given the strained intermediate that would follow. Here, the authors report a methodology for C(sp2)–H functionalization of aryl amines via palladium catalysis, assisted by vinylacetic acid, which putatively reduces the necessity of a four-membered strained intermediate.

Exploring the promiscuity of native enzymes is a promising strategy for expanding their synthetic applications. Here, the authors show that old yellow enzymes (OYEs) can facilitate the Morita-Baylis-Hillman reaction (MBH reaction), leveraging substrate similarities between MBH reaction and reduction, and engineer GkOYE.8 with no reduction activity, but enhanced MBH activity.

GWAS have identified more than 500 genetic loci associated with blood lipid levels. Here, the authors report a genome-wide analysis of interactions between genetic markers and physical activity, and find that physical activity modifies the effects of four genetic loci on HDL or LDL cholesterol.

Chen and colleagues, using a large multicenter prospective study, show the feasibility and survival benefits of annual screening for hepatocellular carcinoma in individuals at high risk based on hepatitis B surface antigen seropositivity.

Zhou and colleagues identify SNX4–SNX5–SNX17 as a multiunit complex that mediates the recycling of autophagosomal components from autolysosomes.

Five-stage ring oscillators that operate at frequencies of up to 2.65 GHz can be created using monolayer molybdenum disulfide field-effect transistors developed with a design-technology co-optimization process.

Structural engineering at the subatomic level remains little for boosting operational stability of organic light-emitting diodes. Here, authors show that deuteration of acceptor is critical to enhance device stability, which is commonly neglected due to limited availability and synthetic complexity.

The characterization and tuning of free radicals at the single molecule level is a challenging endeavour. Here electrical conductance measurements of a single molecule sandwiched between nanogapped graphene electrodes via covalent amide bonds reveal the conversion between closed-shell and open-shell form with temperature, electric and magnetic field in real time.

In China, about 10 percent of industrial sectors are the least efficient water users across 343 prefectures, and water savings opportunities exist in agriculture, the clothing and chemical industry, according to an analysis that uses water withdrawal data.

Faecal microbiome transplant has been shown to be able to reduce Clostridioides difficile infection. Here the authors show that an intestinal commensal protozoan reduces C. difficile infection by inhibiting neutrophil recruitment and affecting arginine-ornithine metabolism.

The regulation of energy homeostasis by centrally-produced GLP-1 is not yet fully understood. Here, authors show that GLP-1 neuronal circuitry in the olfactory bulb reduces food intake and enhances insulin secretion in obese mice. The increase in insulin secretion is mediated by a GABA-dependent relay in the paraventricular hypothalamus and decreased sympathetic nerve activity.

Exploiting negative capacitance effects in organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) is advantageous for enhancing device performance. Here, the authors report solution-processed sub-thermionic OTFTs and circuits with ferroelectric hafnium oxides that show ultra-low power and ultra-high gain.

Sleep duration is associated with an adverse lipid profile. Here, the authors perform genome-wide gene-by-sleep interaction analysis and find 49 previously unreported lipid loci when considering short or long total sleep time.

Given the importance of amine compounds, methods for their synthesis continue to be in high demand. Now, a palladium-catalysed strategy has been developed for the selective oxidative amination of unactivated olefins with Lewis basic amines, via C(sp³)–H activation, forming architecturally versatile and functionally diverse allylamines in a single step.

Wei Zheng and colleagues report the results of a large-scale genome-wide association study of colorectal cancer in East Asians. They identify six new susceptibility loci, including variants near TCF7L2 and TGFB1.

Wei Zheng and colleagues carried out a genome-wide association study of breast cancer in Chinese women and discovered risk variants on 6q25.1 located upstream of the gene encoding estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1). They also found a similar association between the 6q25.1 locus and breast cancer in samples of European ancestry.

Analysis of data from the Born in Guangzhou Cohort Study comprising mainly of trios and mother–infant pairs reveals novel East Asian-specific genetic associations with maternal bile acid, gestational weight gain and infant cord blood traits.

Liang et al. report mechanisms of migrasome biogenesis in migrating cells. They propose that sphingomyelin synthase 2 (SMS2) is required for migrasomes, first by localizing in stable puncta where they eventually form migrasome structures.

Ruminococcus gnavus is a mucus-associated gut commensal that can release the sialic acid, 2,7-anhydro-Neu5Ac. Here, the authors identify the pathway for its transportation and metabolism in R. gnavus, and show that this pathway is essential for its spatial localization in vivo.

The last step in autophagy involves fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes to generate autolysosomes. Through proteomics analysis and an RNAi screen, Yu and colleagues provide mechanistic insight into how lysosomes are regenerated from autolysosomes. Their analyses reveal a key role for clathrin and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P₂) in this process.

Future intelligent vision systems need efficient capacitor-free spiking photoreceptor for color perception. Here, Wang et al. report a metal oxide-based vertically integrated spiking cone photoreceptor array which transduces light into spike trains with a power consumption of less than 400 picowatts.