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Nitrogen deposition can increase plant biomass and reduce plant diversity, but herbivores are predicted to offset these effects by increasing consumption. Here, the authors demonstrate that added nitrogen can disrupt top-down control by herbivores, reducing herbivore abundance and increasing plant biomass and community dominance.

The role of vascular plasticity in brain function remains poorly understood. Here, the authors demonstrate that a significant portion of blood vessels in the adult brain periodically occlude and regress, a process that is associated with a reduction in neuronal activity.

An icing forecast hydrogel device encapsulating ice-nucleating proteins colorimetrically predicts ice formation with high accuracy. The device successfully activated a wind turbine deicing system 70 min before ice accumulation.

Analysis of whole-genome sequencing data from 3,023 human genomes from mainland Southeast Asia identifies high genetic heterogeneity among populations in the region and many unique small and structural variants.

This study maps the single-axon projections of 7,180 hypothalamic peptidergic neurons in male mice and uncovers extensive collateralization, topographic target innervation and modular intra-hypothalamic organization.

A cost-effective all-in-one halide cathode material with high energy density and exceptional cycling stability can be used to achieve energy-dense, durable cathodes for the next generation of all-solid-state batteries.

Rhizosphere viruses mediate arsenic (As) biogeochemistry by promoting lysogeny in As-oxidizing microbes. Metagenomics, metabolic modeling, and in vitro experiments estimate rhizosphere lysogenic viruses contribute to up to 25% of microbial As oxidation.

Here, Ma et al. investigate the translational profile of cardiac regeneration, pointing to Nat10 as a key regulator of cardiomyocyte proliferative potential, and describing how it regulates cardiac gene expression.

Cyclopentadienyl ligands are central to organometallic lanthanide chemistry as their electron-donating ability enables fine-tuning for various applications including catalysis, luminescent materials, and single molecule magnets. Here, the authors report the synthesis and characterization of the lanthanide complexes featuring η⁵-coordinating heterocyclic stibolyl and bismolyl ligands.

Understanding the genetic basis of rubber tree domestication is critical for improving natural rubber production. Here, the authors assemble the genome of the rubber tree clone CATAS8-79 and conduct population and genetic association analyses to reveal the function of phytosulfokine in regulating number of laticifer rings.

A study reports data from the first phase of the Chinese Pangenome Consortium including 116 de novo assemblies from 58 core samples representing 36 minority Chinese ethnic groups.

SUMOylation of the host protein Pelota is known to contribute to host restriction of potyvirids. Here potyvirids-encoded RNA polymerases are shown to competitively interact with the SUMO E2 conjugating enzyme SCE1 and thereby function as SUMOylation decoys to repress plant defense.

On rare occasions, some multiple myeloma patients develop pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) following combination therapy for multiple myeloma. Here the authors characterise bone marrow cells from PRCA patients by single cell sequencing showing hyperactive CD8⁺ T cells, impaired erythropoiesis, increase of MHC-I proteins and antigen presentation associated genes in erythroid cells.

Cellular metabolism is altered in many cancer types and the advent of metabolomics has allowed us to understand more about how this is dysregulated. Here, the authors report a method named CARVE to analyse the arterial supply and venous drainage of glioma patients during surgery and identify the metabolites that may be consumed and produced by the cancer.

An, Tan and colleagues reveal an unusual DNA phosphorothioation Tdp system, where TdpC adenylates DNA backbone for sulfur incorporation and TdpAB provides anti-phage immunity. The sensitivity of TdpAB to hydrophobicity of sulfur enables self–non-self discrimination.

Near-infrared LEDs as large as 30 × 30 mm² in size are fabricated on both rigid and flexible substrates.

Papaver species P. setigerum, P. rhoeas, and P. somniferum accumulates different levels of morphine and noscapine. Here, the authors report the improved genome assembly of P. somniferum and de novo assembly of the other two species, and reveal the evolution of the benzylisoquinoline alkaloids biosynthetic pathway.

So far infinite-layer nickelates have only been observed to superconduct in single-thin-film form. Here, the authors demonstrate superconductivity in [(Nd_0.8Sr_0.2NiO₂)₈/(SrTiO₃)₂]₁₀ superlattices.

Relevant preclinical models and effective drug delivery strategies are important to advance glioblastoma (GBM) therapy. Here, the authors characterise genetically engineered mouse models that recapitulate two important GBM subtypes, and use them to show that picosecond laser stimulation of vascular-targeting gold nanoparticles can modulate blood-brain-tumour barrier permeability and expand therapeutic options for GBM.

The detection of small tumours with PET is significantly enhanced by temporal integration of the imaging signals, triggered by the acidic milieu of cancers, from pH-sensitive positron-emitting polycationic polymers.

The genome sequence and its analysis of the diploid wild wheat Triticum urartu (progenitor of the wheat A genome) represent a tool for studying the complex, polyploid wheat genomes and should be a valuable resource for the genetic improvement of wheat.

Proteins are translocated across membranes through the Sec61/SecY channel. Here, the authors present the structure of a translocating peptide chain trapped inside the SecA-SecY complex which suggests how peptides are actively moved through the channel.

Acidification of estuarine and coastal water due to synergistic effects of human induced eutrophication and elevated atmospheric CO₂ could inhibit nitrification, a vital link of nitrogen cycle, but increase the release of powerful greenhouse gas N₂O.

Zhao et al. report a role for glutamine synthetase in regulating cell proliferation that does not require the catalytic activity of the enzyme.

Phase separation of androgen receptor underlies mutation-mediated antiandrogen resistance. A phenotypic screen enabled the discovery of ET516, which disrupts androgen receptor phase separation and effectively suppresses the growth of prostate cancer.

N⁶-methyladenosine RNA and its reader YTHDC1 serve as a bridge to silencing retrotransposons through the RNA derived from these retrotransposons in mouse ES cells.

Using aqueous microdroplets to study reactions in the reverse tricarboxylic acid cycle (rTCA), the authors show rapid carbon fixation through reductive carboxylation reactions at ambient temperature, without requiring enzymes or metal catalysts, suggesting that microdroplets might have facilitated a non-enzymatic version of the rTCA cycle in prebiotic carbon anabolism.

The FarmGTEx Project aims to understand genetic control of gene activity under diverse biological and environmental contexts in domestic animals, providing a foundation for improving animal precision breeding, adaptation and human health.

In this study, Patrick et al. provide insight into the regulation of branched-chain amino acid metabolism and its impact on whole-body physiology by identifying and characterizing a metabolon formation.

The authors reconstructed the individual projectomes of 6,357 mouse prefrontal cortical projection neurons, revealing projectome-defined neuron subtypes and organizing principles of axon projections and correspondence with transcriptomes.

Zhu et al. identify Dapl1 as a negative regulator of CD8⁺ T cell responses by modulating NFATc2 activation and T cell exhaustion, leading to dysregulated control of chronic infection and cancer.

Zhu et al. show that, in response to growth factors, TBKBP1 recruits TBK1 to promote its activation by PKCθ, thereby facilitating mTORC1 activation, tumour-mediated immunosuppression and tumourigenesis.

We introduce a major scientific endeavour called π-HuB (proteomic navigator of the human body), its aim being to generate and harness multimodality proteomic datasets to enhance our understanding of human biology.

Successive fusion of yeast chromosomes is used to produce a single-chromosome strain that is viable, albeit with slightly reduced fitness.

Th17 cells are a common pathogenic effector cell in autoimmune inflammatory diseases. Here the authors show that the transcription factor RFX1 limits Th17 differentiation and is protective against the pathogenesis of Th17-driven autoimmune diseases.

Some types of anaemia do not respond to erythropoietin (Epo) treatment because patients do not have sufficient numbers of Epo-sensitive erythroid precursor cells; here, two agonists of PPAR-α are found to synergize with glucocorticoid treatment to promote early erythroid progenitor self-renewal, increasing the production of mature red blood cells in both human and mouse cultures and alleviating anaemia in mouse models.

Efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen–evolution reaction are desired due to their importance in applications such as water splitting and metal–air batteries. Here, the authors engineer ultrathin metal–organic frameworks that require low overpotential to generate oxygen from alkaline media.

Stroke is often modeled in rodents by surgically occluding vessels. SIMPLE is an alternative approach that involves the magnet-induced accumulation of nanoparticles. Because of its reversible nature, this method can be used to study both occlusion and subsequent reperfusion of blood vessels.

The NF-κB subunit RPS3 can contribute to the selection of nuclear targets by NF-κB. Lenardo and colleagues show that the kinase IκBβ phosphorylates RPS3 to promote its nuclear translocation, a process targeted by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli.