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Aqueous iron batteries are safe and cost-effective candidates for large-scale energy storage. However, their long-term cycling stability is inadequate. Here, the authors propose a crosslinked polyaniline-based positive electrode for high-power aqueous iron batteries with electrochromic properties.

The mechanism of charge density wave formation has been hard to explain due to accompanying structural distortions. Now low-dimensional HfTe₂ is revealed to host a purely electronic exitonic charge density wave driven by reduced screening effects.

Unexpectedly, in superconducting iron chalcogenides, a second, much higher, maximum in the superconducting transition temperature emerges under increasing pressure.

Ion channel mutations are implicated in epilepsy but post-translational modification of these channels is poorly understood. Here, Liu et al.show that mice with mutations in a specific E3 ubiquitin ligase that post-translationally modifies voltage-activated potassium channels may also contribute to epilepsy symptoms.

Antimicrobial proteins have been implicated in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Here the authors report, using both mouse genetic models and human samples, RNASE4 as a potential antimicrobial protein targeting Parasutterella to alter gut microbiota and metabolite homeostasis, impact susceptibility to IBD, and serve as a potential target for IBD therapy.

Exosomal PD-L1 (exoPD-L1) is a biomarker predicting immunotherapeutic responses. Here the authors report NanoEPIC, a nanoscale cytometry platform that enables phenotypic sorting and exoPD-L1 profiling from blood plasma by using magnetic-activated ranking to differentiate exosomal subpopulations.

The authors of this manuscript identify that Gpr54 activation by its natural ligand Kisspeptin-10 can abrogate bone resorption. Mechanistically, Gpr54 recruits both active Src and the Dusp18 phosphatase, which causes Dusp18 to dephosphorylate Src at Tyr 416.

The intrinsic photovoltaic effect (IPVE) in noncentrosymmetric materials has the potential to overcome the limitations of traditional photovoltaic devices. Here, the authors report the observation of a strong and gate-tunable IPVE in 1D grain boundaries of a van der Waals semiconductor, ReS₂.

Dipolar precipitation change in High Mountain Asia during summer is primarily driven by weakened westerly jet and decadal variations in the South Asian monsoon, and the dipolar pattern is projected to shift to a monopolar wetting trend in the 2040s.

The mechanism that drives the metal to insulator transition in the two-dimensional material molybdenum disulphide is unknown. Here, the authors identify a percolation-type transition by studying the transport and capacitance properties of a metal-insulator-MoS₂heterostructure.

Growth of large-area monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides is critical for their application but remains challenging. Here Yang et al. report rapid chemical vapor deposition of 6-inch monolayer molybdenum disulfide by sufficiently uniformly supplying the precursors and catalysts.

Prime editors are innovative genome-editing tools, but selecting guide RNAs with high efficiency remains challenging and requires costly experimental efforts. Liu and colleagues develop a method to design prime-editing guide RNAs based on transfer learning for in silico prediction of editing efficacy.

A method that allows for the detection of mosaic chromosomal alterations from blood whole-genome sequencing data highlights ancestry-specific differences in the distribution of common and rare germline susceptibility variants.

To date, little is known about the regulatory landscape of the pig genome. Here, the authors characterize cis-regulatory elements in the pig genome using RNA-seq, ChIP-Seq and ATAC-seq, finding a higher degree of usage conservation between pig and human than mouse and human.

‘Light-based bioprinting is employed in the fabrication of complex constructs but achieving high resolution remains challenging due to light scattering effects. Here, the authors develop a photoinhibiting additive which suppresses light scattering and demonstrate printing of functional scaffolds

Site-selective functionalization at chemically inert positions within hydrocarbon molecules is a major challenge in organic chemistry. Iron-catalysed borylation at less-reactive positions vicinal to common functional units by sequential isomerization/protoboration of alkenes is reported.

It is still unclear why HIV-1 vaccines targeting MPER induce antibodies that fail to bind HIV. Here, the authors show that antibodies targeting membrane-proximal linear epitopes of virion spike proteins must generate relevant antibody paratopes and approach angles to ligate their quarry in a topologically restricted site.

A new seahorse genome and the re-sequenced genomes of 21 other species shed new light on the evolutionary origin and global dispersal routes of seahorses, and show that bony spines—a key adaptation against predation—probably evolved multiple times via independent substitutions in the bmp3 gene.

A set of three papers reports that the piRNA pathway is essential for mammalian female fertility based on genetic perturbation experiments performed in golden hamsters.

The authors developed an optical-fiber-based photoacoustic endoscope for gastroenterology. It can noninvasively view the internal vascular structures and visualize the hemodynamic response in a lesion.

The pathological mechanisms that lead to Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) are unclear. Here, the authors show that OPLL ligament cells produce small extracellular vesicles that induce ossification via miR-320e/TAK1 signaling in mice and human posterior longitudinal ligament cells.

TCF1⁺ ‘stem-like’ CD4⁺ T cells have a capacity for self-renewal and effector differentiation when required. Here the authors show how these stem-like T cells mediate allograft rejection via the replenishment of their effector differentiation.

It is challenging to create efficient and compact neuromorphic sensory system based on nano-scale nonlinear dynamics. Yang et al. present a capacitance-coupled VO2 oscillatory network, which serves as a continuous-time dynamic system for sensory pre-processing, enabling tasks such as touch and gesture recognition.

A genomic and transcriptomic analysis of 2,754 childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemias identifies 376 putative driver genes, and associations between disease subtypes and prognosis.

The biological and clinical implications of high genome instability in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remain to be explored. Here, the authors analyse 528 whole genomes and investigate the landscape and molecular mechanisms underlying structural variations in ESCC patients.

T-cell activation is controlled by signalling through the T-cell receptor and other molecules. Here the authors show that Med23 is a negative regulator of T-cell activation at a transcriptional level and that Med23 deficiency in T cells results in development of autoimmunity in aged mice.

Interlayer decoupling plays an essential role in realizing unprecedented properties. Here, authors construct a superlattice consisting of alternating layers of NbSe2 and highly porous hydroxide, realizing interlayer decoupling and thus realizing exotic monolayer behaviors in bulk materials.

Paediatric therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (tMN) have a dismal prognosis and have not been comprehensively profiled. Here the authors characterise the molecular landscape of 84 paediatric tMN patients, and find that, unlike adult tMNs, these do not emerge from pre-existing clones and that MECOM dysregulation is frequent.

Studies of fruit quality traits in pears are lagging behind the other major fruit trees. Here, the authors conduct GWAS of fruit quality and phenological traits in a panel of 312 sand pear accessions using SNPs called from resequencing data, and reveal the involvement of a lignin formation-related protein in regulating stone cell development.

Neural circuit mechanisms underlying prevention of hyperarousal in acute stress conditions are not fully understood. Here authors show GAD2-positive GABAergic neurons in the midbrain dorsal raphe nucleus constrain the increase of wakefulness to prevent hyperarousal in a mouse model of stress.

An introgression platform for transferring genetic variations of Aegilops tauschii to hexaploid wheat is established based on synthetic octoploid wheat. Combined with newly generated genome resources of A. tauschii, it represents a powerful tool for wheat gene discovery and breeding.

Hydrogen production from water provides one avenue toward harnessing renewable energy, although large-scale implementation remains a challenge. Here, authors explore roles of morphology and surface chemistry, and develop efficient catalysts for hydrogen evolution at high current densities.

Signet-ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) is a unique type of gastric cancer with no prognostic features. Here, the authors report a CLDN18-ARHGAP26/6 gene fusion in patients with a high signet-ring cell content, poor survival outcomes, and who experience no benefit from platinum/fluoropyrimidines-based chemotherapy.

Predicting thermal transport in low-thermal-conductivity (κ_L) materials is challenging. Here, the authors propose a dual-phonon theory, where normal phonons are treated using the Boltzmann thermal equation and diffuson-like phonons are treated within diffusion theory, yielding robust predictions of κ_L.

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the bone marrow are quiescent, but are activated in response to stress. Here, the authors show that loss of Med23 leads to greater activation and enhanced myeloid potential of HSCs in response to stress, also Med23 maintains stemness gene expression and suppresses myeloid genes.

How the carriers behave in a Weyl semimetal if they occupy the lowest Landau level remains elusive. Here, the authors report evidences of electrons occupying zeroth chiral Landau levels with distinct linear dispersion behaviors for two inequivalent Weyl nodes in a Weyl semimetal NbAs.

Robust m¹A mapping of the human transcriptome is enabled by directed evolution of an HIV-1 reverse transcriptase with efficient read-through and high mutation rates at m¹A sites along with development of new tools for data analysis.