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BicA is a bicarbonate transporter involved in cyanobacterial photosynthesis. The structure of BicA from Synechocystis suggests a mechanism for all SLC26/4-family transporters and can aid bioengineering of BicA to boost CO₂ assimilation.

The authors develop overtone photothermal microscopy that leverages a pump-probe detection of second overtone vibrations within the shortwave-infrared (SWIR) window. This technique complements existing large-scale SWIR imaging approaches, offering enhanced resolution and sensitivity for bioimaging applications.

Shortwave infrared photothermal microscopy enables chemical imaging at millimetre depths with a micrometre spatial resolution in tissue-mimicking phantoms, intact tumour spheroids and various biological tissues.

The ISWI chromatin remodelers interact with extranucleosomal DNA to mediate nucleosome positioning. A new study now shows that the conserved SLIDE domain in the Isw2 subunit, which binds linker DNA, facilitates unidirectional linker DNA movement into nucleosomes. These findings suggest that the SLIDE domain functions in conjunction with the ATPase domain to mobilize nucleosomes.

A comprehensive analysis of brain somatic mosaicism across the neocortex demonstrates the origins and distribution patterns of cells within the human brain.

Oncogene induced senescence protects cells from unrestricted growth and cancer. Here, the authors show that PAK4 overrides this senescence in breast cancer cells through phosphorylation of RELB, thereby inhibiting transcription of the senescence regulator C/EBPβ.

CP29 is one of the minor light-harvesting complexes from plant photosystem II; it absorbs and transfers solar energy for photosynthesis. Now the crystal structure of spinach CP29 is solved, revealing a network of pigments and offering insights into energy transfer pathways.

Verginadis et al. show that ATF4 regulates Col1a1 expression and collagen biosynthesis in perivascular cancer-associated fibroblasts, thereby supporting angiogenesis and progression in melanoma and pancreatic cancer.

Changes in the microenvironment of the aged lung relative to younger lung tissue can lead to the reactivation of dormant melanoma cells through a mechanism that involves a decrease in WNT5A and AXL signalling and an increase in MERTK.

Wang et al. report that the secretory coat protein complex COPII undergoes liquid–liquid phase separation that is tuned by manganese in the cytosol, to impact lipoprotein secretion.

The insulation potency of CTCF depends on the number of binding sites in tandem and on upstream flanking sequences. Insulators form local chromatin domain boundaries and weaken enhancer–promoter contacts.

HIV-1 target cells employ a number of factors that restrict the production of viral progeny. Liang and colleagues identify the cell membrane-localized metalloprotease TRABD2A as a previously unknown restriction factor that acts at the late phase of infection to degrade HIV-1 Gag polyprotein.

The nori producing seaweed Pyropia yezoensis has heteromorphic generations that occupy distinct habitats. Here, via genome assembly, transcriptome analysis, and 13 C isotope labeling, the authors show the interplay between inorganic carbon availability and life cycle evolution in the intertidal environment.

Scavenger receptors can function as pattern recognition receptors to sense infection. Here the authors show that, in response to worm and bacterial infection, scavenger receptor class A prevents nuclear localization of IRF5 and thereby drives M2 polarization and associated type 2 immune responses.

Polycomb Group (PcG) proteins regulate gene expression and genome architecture. Using super-resolution microscopy and molecular simulations, Waniet al. describe the organization of PcG proteins into hundreds of nano-scale protein clusters and suggest these clusters shape genome architecture.

C-reactive protein is a pentameric protein secreted by the liver in response to injury and infection. Here Braiget al. show that conformational changes in CRP on the surface of monocyte-derived microvesicles enable binding of complement C1q and lead to activation of the complement cascade and aggravation of inflammation.

Extension of multicolor three-dimensional stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) allows super-resolution fluorescence imaging of whole cells and quantitative characterization of subcellular structures and their spatial relationships. This was demonstrated by imaging the entire mitochondrial and tubulin networks in cells.

This Review introduces state-of-the-art vibrational microscopy for research in the life sciences and offers guidance for prospective users.

Whole-genome sequencing of human cancer cells in patient-derived mouse xenograft models indicates a key role for TP53 in determining the fitness landscape of polyclonal cancer cell populations.

Analyzing the impact of genetic variants on T cell receptor repertoire components reveals the mechanisms behind susceptibility variants in autoimmune diseases and cancers.

A kiwellin protein in maize is found to inhibit the activity of the secreted enzyme chorismate mutase from a maize-infecting pathogenic fungus, suggesting a role for kiwellins in plant immunity.

Single-cell whole-genome sequencing shows that 'foreground' cell-to-cell structural variation and alterations in copy number are associated with genomic diversity and evolution in triple-negative breast and high-grade serous ovarian cancers.

A genome-wide CRISPR screen reveals that FZD5, but none of the other nine Frizzled receptors encoded in the human genome, is a therapeutic vulnerability of pancreatic and colorectal tumors bearing RNF43 mutations.

'Spaghetti monster' fluorescent proteins combine the power of conventional fluorescent proteins with the benefits of commonly used epitopes. These probes are demonstrated to be extremely versatile in diverse imaging applications.

Zhao and colleagues find that neuropathic pain is accompanied by an increase in the expression of an antisense long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) that downregulates Kcna2 currents and increases excitability in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. Preventing the expression of the so-called Kcna2 antisense RNA mitigates neuropathic pain symptoms.

This research investigates protein aggregation’s role in oocyte aging, revealing that increased UBE2V1 expression correlates with aggresome formation. Restoring UBE2V1 mitigates age-related defects in oocyte maturation and embryo development.

Double perovskite Cs₂AgBiBr₆ single crystals are used to make a sensitive X-ray detector. The device exhibits a high sensitivity of 105 µC Gy_air ⁻¹ cm⁻² and a low detection limit of 59.7 nGy_airs⁻¹, and demonstrates long-term operational stability.

BRAF-inhibition resistance in metastatic melanoma occurs through p21-activated kinase-mediated reactivation of ERK, whereas resistance to combined BRAF and MEK inhibition occurs through p21-activated kinase-mediated regulation of JNK and β-catenin phosphorylation, mTOR pathway activation and apoptosis inhibition in many patients.

Neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade in patients with resectable melanoma followed by adjuvant maintenance results in early immunological effects driving clinical benefit and reveals transcriptional and genomic mechanisms of response.

The resolution achievable with single-molecule–based super-resolution fluorescence imaging is increased via a fluorophore caging procedure that uses a reducing agent to convert dyes to a long-lived dark state from which they can be activated with UV light and emit high numbers of photons.

Doris Wagner and colleagues define Polycomb response elements (PREs) that direct the placement of Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) at developmental genes in Arabidopsis. They identify transcription factor families that bind to PREs, physically interact with and recruit PRC2, and are required for gene silencing in vivo.

A cell-free system has been developed to image vesicle budding and fission events. This method reveals an important role for the F-BAR protein FBP17 in regulating tubulation and clathrin-dependent budding.