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A new architecture based on high-valence sulfur/sulfur tetrachloride cathode chemistry is described for manufacturing high-voltage anode-free sodium–sulfur batteries, demonstrating promise for applications in grid energy storage and wearable electronics.

A multiancestry phenome-wide analysis of copy number variants in the UK Biobank genomes increases power to detect genetic associations with complex traits across human populations.

Synthesis of urea through the electrochemical co-reduction of abundant CO₂ and nitrates offers an eco-friendly alternative to existing technologies. The authors use ionic liquids to construct molecular bridges between the catalyst’s active sites and the reactants, thereby enhancing urea production.

An RNA codon-expansion strategy enables incorporation of non-canonical amino acids into proteins of interest orthogonally to existing methods by inserting pseudouridine codons into specific mRNA transcripts and using an engineered decoder tRNA.

Understanding the link between anhedonia and reward processing in adolescence can enhance mental health interventions specifically for young people. In this Review, Ma et al. examine the evidence on consummatory pleasure, anticipation, motivation and learning, and discuss real-time assessment of anhedonia and the reward cycle.

The efficiency of perovskite/organic tandem devices is impeded by recombination losses that occur within the organic subcells. Here, the authors monitor film growth and crystallization dynamics in real-time and mitigate exciton recombination losses, achieving maximum device efficiency of 26.42%.

The differential cholinergic modulation of two different premotor inputs to projection neurons in the vocal motor pallial nucleus RA provides a mechanism for adult songbirds to stabilize their songs.

Compact laser-wakefield-driven X-ray sources show promise but suffer from poor conversion efficiency. New research demonstrates high-yield, hard X-rays generated by using carbon nanotube targets, instead of gases.

Analyses of 2,658 whole genomes across 38 types of cancer identify the contribution of non-coding point mutations and structural variants to driving cancer.

Understanding deregulation of biological pathways in cancer can provide insight into disease etiology and potential therapies. Here, as part of the PanCancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) consortium, the authors present pathway and network analysis of 2583 whole cancer genomes from 27 tumour types.

Whole-genome sequencing data from more than 2,500 cancers of 38 tumour types reveal 16 signatures that can be used to classify somatic structural variants, highlighting the diversity of genomic rearrangements in cancer.

Analysis of cancer genome sequencing data has enabled the discovery of driver mutations. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium the authors present DriverPower, a software package that identifies coding and non-coding driver mutations within cancer whole genomes via consideration of mutational burden and functional impact evidence.

A pan-cancer genomic analysis reports the effects of structural variations on chromatin domains (TADs). Most TAD disruptions do not result in appreciable changes in expression of nearby genes.

An analysis of 2,954 genomes from 38 cancer subtypes identified 19,166 retrotransposition events in 35% of samples. Aberrant LINE-1 retrotranspositions can lead to the deletion of tumor-suppressor genes as well as the amplification of oncogenes.

Multi-omics datasets pose major challenges to data interpretation and hypothesis generation owing to their high-dimensional molecular profiles. Here, the authors develop ActivePathways method, which uses data fusion techniques for integrative pathway analysis of multi-omics data and candidate gene discovery.

In this study the authors consider the structural variants (SVs) present within cancer cases of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium. They report hundreds of genes, including known cancer-associated genes for which the nearby presence of a SV breakpoint is associated with altered expression.

There’s an emerging body of evidence to show how biological sex impacts cancer incidence, treatment and underlying biology. Here, using a large pan-cancer dataset, the authors further highlight how sex differences shape the cancer genome.

In somatic cells the mechanisms maintaining the chromosome ends are normally inactivated; however, cancer cells can re-activate these pathways to support continuous growth. Here, the authors characterize the telomeric landscapes across tumour types and identify genomic alterations associated with different telomere maintenance mechanisms.

With the generation of large pan-cancer whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing projects, a question remains about how comparable these datasets are. Here, using The Cancer Genome Atlas samples analysed as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes project, the authors explore the concordance of mutations called by whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing techniques.

The flagship paper of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium describes the generation of the integrative analyses of 2,658 cancer whole genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types, the structures for international data sharing and standardized analyses, and the main scientific findings from across the consortium studies.

Integrative analyses of transcriptome and whole-genome sequencing data for 1,188 tumours across 27 types of cancer are used to provide a comprehensive catalogue of RNA-level alterations in cancer.

Viral pathogen load in cancer genomes is estimated through analysis of sequencing data from 2,656 tumors across 35 cancer types using multiple pathogen-detection pipelines, identifying viruses in 382 genomic and 68 transcriptome datasets.

Whole-genome sequencing data for 2,778 cancer samples from 2,658 unique donors across 38 cancer types is used to reconstruct the evolutionary history of cancer, revealing that driver mutations can precede diagnosis by several years to decades.

Some cancer patients first present with metastases where the location of the primary is unidentified; these are difficult to treat. In this study, using machine learning, the authors develop a method to determine the tissue of origin of a cancer based on whole sequencing data.

The authors present SVclone, a computational method for inferring the cancer cell fraction of structural variants from whole-genome sequencing data.

The characterization of 4,645 whole-genome and 19,184 exome sequences, covering most types of cancer, identifies 81 single-base substitution, doublet-base substitution and small-insertion-and-deletion mutational signatures, providing a systematic overview of the mutational processes that contribute to cancer development.

Cancers evolve as they progress under differing selective pressures. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, the authors present the method TrackSig the estimates evolutionary trajectories of somatic mutational processes from single bulk tumour data.

Many tumours exhibit hypoxia (low oxygen) and hypoxic tumours often respond poorly to therapy. Here, the authors quantify hypoxia in 1188 tumours from 27 cancer types, showing elevated hypoxia links to increased mutational load, directing evolutionary trajectories.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

Solar cells based on 3D/2D perovskite heterostructures show promising performance, but ion diffusion limits the device stability. Now Luo et al. suppress ion diffusion by inserting a cross-linked polymer between the 2D and 3D layers, improving the operational stability.

Fibrinogen-like protein 2 (FGL2) mediates immune suppression in glioblastoma (GBM). Here, the authors show that FGL-2 expressed by GBM cancer cells acts by suppressing the differentiation of CD103+ DC cells required to activate the anti-tumor CD8+ T cell response via blocking GM-CSF signalling at NFKB, STAT1/5 and p38 level.

Developing nontoxic high-performance bio-based adhesives is of great interest from a sustainability perspective. This paper reports a high-performance, reusable, biocompatible hot-melt adhesive that is produced from xylan, a byproduct of pulp industry.

Colored functional layers are transformed into imperceptible functional meshes. In doing so, various see-through devices are no longer susceptible to the color or opacity of the functional materials and have enhanced transparency.

This study proposes a multivalent Cu-based catalyst (Cu-TAPT) for electrocatalytic CO₂RR, which promotes specific intermediate formation by the synergy of Cu²⁺ and Cu⁺ sites, thereby achieving a 54.3% Faradaic efficiency of ethanol at 429 mA cm⁻².

The retention of galactose-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1) in the mesangium leads to pathogenesis in IgA nephropathy. Here the authors report that Gd-IgA1 is internalized by mesangial cells potentially via transferrin receptor 1, forming aggregates that disrupt lysosomal function and elicit inflammation.

The genome of the tropical blue-petal water lily Nymphaea colorata and the transcriptomes from 19 other Nymphaeales species provide insights into the early evolution of angiosperms.

A high-quality genome of Aristolochia fimbriata illuminates its unique history of whole-genome duplication similar to Amborella, the genomic basis of its complex flower morphology and chemical biosynthesis, and the phylogenetic placement of magnoliids.

Lymphatic vessels are vital in the musculoskeletal system, but their role in bone repair is unclear. Here the authors found early lymphatic drainage insufficiency in fractures impacts osteoblast survival and stem cell proliferation by modulating the hematoma niche via DAMP transport.

Natural killer/T cell lymphoma (NKTCL) is a rare and aggressive disease. Here, the authors identify recurrent somatic mutations of GNAQ in NKTCL, and model how this mutation contributes to NKTCL pathogenesis.

Carbon-nanohorns have a unique morphology and structure yet little is known about the biocompatibility. Here, the authors investigate the biocompatibility and bio-interaction of carbon nanohorns, compare them to carbon nanotubes and show the superior biocompatibility and safety of the nanohorns.

Artificial muscles have a wide range of applications yet truly mimetic designs remain a challenge. Here, the authors use dynamic sacrificial bonds which are rearranged via a mechanical training process to optimise the characteristics of self-strengthening, strain-adaptive stiffening and actuation.

Agricultural diversification can enhance ecosystem services, provide socio-economic benefits and increase yields in major cropping systems. This study synthesizes research about the effects of agricultural diversification on global rice production and shows that diversification can increase biodiversity by 40%, improve economy by 26% and reduce crop damage by 31%.

Amorphous metal catalysts often exhibit appealing catalytic properties, however, accurate control synthesis of amorphous nano-metal catalysts is a challenge. Here, the authors report a feasible strategy to prepare the amorphous Cu catalysts by supercritical CO₂ treatment followed by electroreduction. The resulted catalyst shows high selectivity towards multi-carbon products for CO₂ electroreduction.

Unruptured intracranial aneurysm (UIA) is a life-threatening cerebrovascular condition. Here the authors report altered gut microbiota including low abundance of Hungatella hathewayi in patients with UIAs, and show that supplementation with Hungatella hathewayi or the metabolite taurine prevents UIAs in mice.

Analysis of whole-genome sequencing data across 2,658 tumors spanning 38 cancer types shows that chromothripsis is pervasive, with a frequency of more than 50% in several cancer types, contributing to oncogene amplification, gene inactivation and cancer genome evolution.

Efficient, large-scale genomic analysis is facilitated on the cloud by a computational tool with error-diagnosing and self-healing capabilities.