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By combining scanning tunnelling microscopy and attosecond technologies, the coherent electronic motion generated in molecules by carrier-envelope-phase-stable laser pulses is visualized at ångström-scale spatial resolution and subfemtosecond temporal resolution.

Peptide-receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) with radiolabeled somatostatin analogs, such as octreotide, is a promising option for the treatment of somatostatin-receptor-positive endocrine tumors. Here, van Essen et al. evaluate data from preliminary studies of PRRT, and discuss the pros and cons of this approach. The authors propose that PRRT might soon become the treatment of choice for patients with metastatic or inoperable endocrine tumors.

Genome-wide association meta-analyses of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptom measures and clinical diagnoses identify new risk loci, highlight putative effector genes and yield improved polygenic risk scores.

The antibody response of children to SARS-CoV-2 is less well studied than in adults. Here Hachim et al. show that children have reduced antibody levels to structural proteins and suggest that the predominance of antibody responses to non-structural proteins can be used to discriminate infection and vaccination.

This study uses climate model experiments and shows that radiative heating from the presence of clouds can substantially increase the frequency of Euro-Atlantic atmospheric blocking, highlighting the need to better represent cloud-radiation interactions for improved prediction of extreme weather.

Somatic mutations accumulate with age and have been linked to functional decline and disease. Single-cell analysis of human cartilage samples from donors with and without osteoarthritis shows that somatic mutations accumulate with age, but, in osteoarthritis, they show distinct mutational patterns and slower accumulation, possibly due to DNA-damage-induced chondrocyte death.

Here the authors provide an explanation for 95% of examined predicted loss of function variants found in disease-associated haploinsufficient genes in the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD), underscoring the power of the presented analysis to minimize false assignments of disease risk.

Analysis of cancer genome sequencing data has enabled the discovery of driver mutations. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium the authors present DriverPower, a software package that identifies coding and non-coding driver mutations within cancer whole genomes via consideration of mutational burden and functional impact evidence.

Confocal microscopy enables high-resolution, high-plex 3D cyclic immunofluorescence of 30- to 50-µm-thick tissue sections. The approach allows for rich phenotypic assessments of intact cells and intercellular interactions with subcellular resolution.

A genome-wide association meta-analysis study of blood lipid levels in roughly 1.6 million individuals demonstrates the gain of power attained when diverse ancestries are included to improve fine-mapping and polygenic score generation, with gains in locus discovery related to sample size.

The nature of an insulating phase in Ta₂NiSe₅ is an open question. Here, Lu et al. report transport, thermodynamic and optical evidences being fully consistent with an excitonic insulator phase in this material.

Zhang et al. design a nanostructure which activates an adaptive martensitic transformation mechanism in a nuclear grade austenitic stainless steel, achieving extraordinary radiation resistance with non-degraded mechanical properties.

Pretrained using 335,645 whole-slide images, a foundation model is developed to provide representations for slide- and patient-level tasks. It is capable of performing clinical tasks and generating reports even in data-scarce scenarios, such as rare cancer diagnosis and survival prediction, without requiring further fine-tuning.

Accurate serology testing is urgently needed to help diagnose SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here Valkenburg and colleagues use a luciferase immunoprecipitation system to assess the antibody responses to 15 different SARS-CoV-2 antigens in patients with COVID-19 and find ORF8 and ORF3b antibodies, taken together as a cluster of points, identified 96.5% of COVID-19 samples at early and late time points of disease with 99.5% specificity

The joint analysis of datasets from NOvA and T2K, the two currently operating long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments, provides new constraints related to neutrino masses and fundamental symmetries.

Aggregates of misfolded proteins are sequestered in the aggresome via dynein transport in an aggregate size-dependent manner. Here, authors find episodic transport kinetics mediated by aggresome-dynein adapters are central to this size-filter effect.

The semileptonic decay channels of the Λc baryon can give important insights into weak interaction, but decay into a neutron, positron and electron neutrino has not been reported so far, due to difficulties in the final products’ identification. Here, the BESIII Collaboration reports its observation in e+e- collision data, exploiting machine-learning-based identification techniques.

Entanglement was observed in top–antitop quark events by the ATLAS experiment produced at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN using a proton–proton collision dataset with a centre-of-mass energy of √s  = 13 TeV and an integrated luminosity of 140 fb⁻¹.

Natural products have historically made a major contribution to pharmacotherapy, but also present challenges for drug discovery, such as technical barriers to screening, isolation, characterization and optimization. This Review discusses recent technological developments — including improved analytical tools, genome mining and engineering strategies, and microbial culturing advances — that are enabling a revitalization of natural product-based drug discovery.

Thermal lepton pairs are ideal probes for the temperature of quark-gluon plasma. Here, the STAR Collaboration uses thermal electron-positron pair production to measure quark-gluon plasma average temperature at different stages of the evolution.

Luminescent lanthanide complexes are promising materials for use in displays and sensors, however, these materials often undergo thermal quenching. Here, the authors synthesize and characterize a terbium dinuclear phosphine oxide-bridged phenanthrene complex, which exhibits thermally-enhanced emission.

CRISPR-Cas9 technology holds the potential to treat a wide spectrum of genetic diseases. Here, the authors describe a modular platform for extracellular vesicle-based Cas9 delivery, using MS2-based RNA-binding domains and UV-cleavable linkers, suitable for various Cas9-based moieties.

The challenges of meeting food, water and energy needs are interconnected, requiring integrated assessments of land use, socioeconomic policies and climate change. This study assesses the required increases in water, trade and agricultural land needed to double food production by 2050.

Eclogites have been suggested as high niobium/tantalum reservoirs that complement the low niobium/tantalum ratios of the silicate Earth. However, the hafnium isotopic composition of eclogite fragments suggest that the high niobium/tantalum signature of eclogites is unlikely to be primary. Instead, it probably reflects chemical modification during residence in the subcontinental lithospheric mantle.

Ferroelectric tunnel junctions, where electrical transport occurs across two electrodes separated by a ferroelectric layer, could be used for future non-volatile computer memories. Here, the authors employ graphene as an electrode in tunnel junctions for interface-facilitated enhancement of device performance.

There’s an emerging body of evidence to show how biological sex impacts cancer incidence, treatment and underlying biology. Here, using a large pan-cancer dataset, the authors further highlight how sex differences shape the cancer genome.

Polyamide reverse osmosis membranes are widely used for desalination and wastewater treatment, though it is challenging to remove toxic micropollutants. Here the authors use a thermal-intensified interfacial polymerization method affording a membrane removing micropollutants.

There are currently a lack of tools to detect heterogeneity in 3D cultures. Here the authors report Traject3d as a framework to identify heterogeneous states in 3D culture and to understand how these give rise to distinct phenotypes using label-free multi-day time-lapse imaging.

Single-cell proteomics by data-independent acquisition (DIA) mass spectrometry is growing, but data analysis approaches vary widely. Here, authors benchmark and recommend optimal strategies for analyzing DIA-based single-cell proteomics data.

The ability to exert control over domains in multiferroic materials is important in terms of the potential use of these materials. In the multiferroic YMnO₃, structural considerations lead to an unusual cloverleaf pattern of ferroelectric domains, where the domain walls are electrically insulating.

With the generation of large pan-cancer whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing projects, a question remains about how comparable these datasets are. Here, using The Cancer Genome Atlas samples analysed as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes project, the authors explore the concordance of mutations called by whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing techniques.

Lawrencium, with atomic number 103, has an isotope with a half-life of 27 seconds; even so, its first ionization potential has now been measured on an atom-at-a-time scale and agrees well with state-of-the-art theoretical calculations that include relativistic effects.

Ferromagnetic systems produced by the transition metal doping of semiconductors may be used as components of spintronic devices. Here, a new ferromagnet, Li_1+y(Zn_1-xMn_x)As, is prepared in bulk quantities and shown to have a critical temperature approaching 50 K.

Innovative hydrogen sensors, able to achieve parts-per-billion detection limits with sub-second response times, struggle to enter the market because of inadequate standardization frameworks, as existing frameworks primarily address conventional flammable gases. The disconnection between technical readiness and outdated guidelines prevents the effective deployment of complete hydrogen detection systems. Immediate actions are required to develop a risk-informed, performance-based standardization framework that validates sensor reliability under real-world conditions and provides clear guidance for system integration. Bridging these gaps is essential to prevent infrastructure failures that could undermine substantial investments and public confidence in the global energy transition.

The combination of computational design, laboratory-based screening and biophysical validation enables the de novo generation of variable heavy-chain antibody fragments and antibodies that precisely target chosen disease-related molecules.

By controlling the flow or composition of liquids, optofluidics provides numerous possibilities for devices, and so has great potential for transformation optics. Here, a multi-mode optofluidic waveguide is presented, which manipulates light to produce controllable chirped focussing and interference.

A proper theoretical description for unconventional superconductivity in iron-based compounds remains elusive. Here, the authors, to capture the electron correlation strength and the role of Fermi surfaces, report ARPES measurements of three iron chalcogenide superconductors to establish universal features.

Whether superconductivity coexists or competes with other types of order in unconventional superconductors is a question that has been hotly contested. An ARPES study reported by Yi et al. suggest that superconductivity and spin-density wave orders coexist and compete dynamically in Ba_1−xK_xFe₂As₂.

As Nature Aging celebrates its fifth anniversary, the journal asks some of the researchers who contributed to the journal early on to reflect on the past and the future of aging and age-related disease research, the impact of the field on human health now and in the future, and what challenges need to be addressed to ensure sustained progress.

Whole-genome sequencing data for 2,778 cancer samples from 2,658 unique donors across 38 cancer types is used to reconstruct the evolutionary history of cancer, revealing that driver mutations can precede diagnosis by several years to decades.

The Einstein Probe has discovered a fast X-ray transient, EP240414a, associated with a broad-lined type Ic supernova. Its unusually soft spectrum and weak jet add to the diversity of stellar deaths and suggest a previously unknown Wolf–Rayet star explosion mechanism.