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The potential roles of post-translational modification of bacterial proteins in pathogenesis are not well understood. Here, Wang et al. show that posttranslational lactylation of proteins, in particular alpha-toxin, is important for virulence of the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus.

Infection with SARS-CoV-2 causes interstitial pneumonia and viral replication in the lungs of transgenic mice that express a human version of ACE2, confirming the pathogenicity of the virus in this model.

Light-emitting diodes based on halide perovskites have made remarkable progress but their stability is the bottleneck. Here Miao et al. show 14% quantum efficiency at a current density of 300 mA cm-2 and 23.7 hr lifetime under a current density of 100 mA cm-2, making it promising for actual application.

Stimuli-responsive single-component multi-emissive materials offer unique advantages in photoluminescence. Single-component multi-emissive materials with stimuli-responsive properties offer unique advantages in the field of multicolor-tunable photoluminescence.

The cynomolgus and Chinese rhesus macaques are used as animal models in biomedical research. Yan et al. sequence their genomes and compare the sequences to that of the Indian rhesus macaque, providing a genetic foundation for interpreting research results.

The band structure of solid state systems can exhibit linear like dispersions resembling the Dirac equation in high-energy physics; however, the crystal structure anisotropy typically associated with solid state systems can lead to deviations from the symmetry of the original equation. Here, using Landau level spectroscopy, the authors report experimental evidence for isotropic fermions in 3D crystal structure of LaAlSi.

The exact role of the degenerate nucleotide-binding site in a heterodimeric ABC transporter is unclear. Here, authors identify a mycobacterial isoniazid efflux pump, capture its asymmetric intermediate states and reveal mechanism of this transporter mediated by the degenerate site.

The electronic properties of graphene are known to be sensitive to strain and geometry. Yan et al.find that the introduction of strain and high curvature to bilayer graphene strongly affects the electronic landscape, resulting in changes in the band structure.

Shiyang Cao, Xinyue Liu, Yin Huang, and Yanfeng Yan et al. utilized an integrated proteogenomic approach to describe an atlas of small open reading frame-encoded peptides (SEPs) in the pathogen, Yersinia pestis. They demonstrate that two of these SEPs are associated with regulation of bacterial virulence, and altogether develop a valuable resource for future research into Y. pestis physiology.

Li et al. report the sublattice decoupling in Rb₆Re₆S₈I₈ upon compression, in which [Rb₆I₂]⁴⁺ framework can be selectively amorphized while the [Re₆S₈I₆]^4- clusters keep in ordered state, leading to emission-to-photocurrent switching at 15 GPa, which can retain when back to ambient condition.

Charge-to-spin conversion allows for the generation and control of spin polarization via a charge current. Typically, this is done with non-magnetic materials with large spin-orbit interactions such as Platinum. Herein, Dai et al demonstrate an intriguing charge-to-spin mechanism, a magnetic spin Hall effect, in a van der Waals heterostructure.

Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 S protein can provide a treatment strategy for COVID-19. Here, Guo et al. provide the crystal structure of a SARS-CoV2 neutralizing antibody isolated from a convalescent patient and highlight the therapeutic efficacy in a rhesus monkey model of an engineered version with optimized pharmacokinetic and safety profile.

The authors report a wet-chemistry-based method to fabricate amorphous, transferable high-k copper calcium titanate thin films as dielectrics for two-dimensional electronic devices.

Energy stress activates AMPK leading to metabolic plasticity and therapy resistance in cancer. Here, the authors show that AMPK activation decreases Prospero-related homeobox 1 (PROX1) levels impairing branched amino acid metabolism and tumourigenesis in liver and lung cancer models.

Liu, Gu, Chen, Zhang et al. propose KUTS, a foundational triage model that integrates knowledge prompt-tuning and uncertainty-based classification to enhance emergency acuity level prediction. The model achieves superior AUC performance across all levels, especially for moderate acuity cases, offering a robust and efficient solution for real-world triage applications.

An impurity-healing interface engineering strategy is developed to address the issue in small-area solar cells and large-scale submodules.

Reliable transfer techniques are critical for the integration of 2D materials with arbitrary substrates. Here, the authors describe a method to transfer 4-inch and A4-sized defect-free graphene films onto rigid and flexible substrates with controllable conformal contact, leading to improved electrical properties and uniformity.

The electron cryo-microscopy structure of full-length mouse Piezo1 reveals unique topological features such as the repetitive transmembrane helical units that constitute the highly curved transmembrane region, and identifies regions and single residues that are crucial for the mechanical activation of the channel.

Tian et al. developed a bacterial orthogonal DNA replication system by harnessing the temperate phage GIL16 DNA replication machinery, which provides a powerful tool for continuous evolution in prokaryotic cells.

Rate-limiting steps in synthetic metabolic pathways are difficult to identify. Here, the authors monitor metabolite dynamics and apply kinetic modelling during the start-up phase of the Bacillus subtilisGlcNAc pathway to discover a futile cycle, allowing them to identify a more productive strain.

The knowledge in the large language model (LLM), generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) 3.5, is elicited to facilitate the discovery of MRE11 in regulating sleep in the presence of conspecifics by a multi-object video tracking system.

The origin of low non-radiative recombination in perovskites was not well-understood. Here, authors apply electric field to manipulate ferroelastic lattice deformation to study non-radiative recombination and strain in twinning tetragonal phase, achieving an increased open-circuit voltage to 1.26 V.

Topological semimetals with space-inversion and time-reversal symmetry breaking have attracted attention recently. Here, using a combination of experimental techniques and calculations, the authors demonstrate the tunability of the Weyl nodes via magnetism and pressure in the ferromagnetic Weyl semimetal CeAlSi.

Tumour microenvironment has been linked with immunotherapy response in gastric cancer. Here, the authors use CT-based radiomics to predict neutrophils-to-lymphocyte ratio and response to immunotherapy.

The regenerating islet-derived (REG) protein family suppresses cell death and promotes cell proliferation. Here the authors report that the lncRNA REG1CP forms an RNA–DNA triplex at the promoter of REG3A gene to increase its expression.

Two types of skyrmion-like polar nanodomain are observed in oxide bilayers transferred onto silicon, and these nanodomains, with distinct resistive behaviour, can be converted to each other under an external electric field.

It remains unclear how corticostriatal synapses utilize reward prediction error signaling in order to reinforce reward-related behaviors. Here, the authors show that potentiation of corticostriatal synapses requires phasic dopamine activation, pauses in striatal cholinergic interneuron firing, and depolarization of spiny projection neurons.

Improved understanding of passivation leads to near-infrared perovskite light-emitting diodes with 21.6% external quantum efficiency.

Per-capita freight in the United States has been increasing in recent decades. This study presents projections to 2050 to examine the emissions, and health and climate impacts of US freight truck and rail transportation under various policy scenarios.

A recombinant vaccine that targets the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 induces a potent antibody response in immunized mice, rabbits and non-human primates, and protects primates from infection with the virus.

The observation of macroscopic and direct light propulsion of bulk-graphene-based material offers an exciting opportunity for realizing long-sought proposals in areas such as space transportation driven directly by sunlight.

Persistent mitochondrial DNA stress is shown to upregulate nuclear DNA damage and repair responses via activation of the cGAS–STING pathway and a subset of interferon-stimulated genes.

The established means of bandgap control in semiconductors are based on chemical, electrical or optical doping. Here, the authors report wide bandgap modulations in monolayer WS2 at room temperature by coupling the 2D semiconductor to a self-assembled plasmonic crystal inducing coherent hot electron doping.

Wei Zheng and colleagues report the results of a large-scale genome-wide association study of colorectal cancer in East Asians. They identify six new susceptibility loci, including variants near TCF7L2 and TGFB1.

Genetic alterations in the protein acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) lead to ASM deficiency and have been associated with Niemann–Pick disease. Here, the authors report the crystal structures of ASM alone and bound to its product, and discuss the catalytic mechanism and its possible significance for patients with ASM deficiency.

Renal infection with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) leads to both the induction of apoptosis through upregulation of Smad7 and FGF2 and to renal failure.

Perovskite quantum wells yield highly efficient LEDs spanning the visible and near-infrared.

Rice paddies account for a large proportion of total agricultural methane and nitrous oxide emissions. This Review outlines the characteristics, changes and mitigation options for these emissions, highlighting the benefits of water and organic matter management.