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Nitrogen-vacancy-centre microscopy and anisotropic magnetoresistance measurements reveal the evidence of magnetism in zigzag graphene nanoribbons embedded in hexagonal boron nitride.

The authors report the mechanical stress-induced dielectric strength weakening of hBN nanosheets with thinner nanosheets showing more remarkable weakening, as evidenced by lower breakdown strength, shorter breakdown time, and larger leakage current.

The coupling of ferroelectricity and magnetic order enables the tunability of material properties. Here, authors realize magnetic-field-enhanced ferroelectricity and electrical-field-controlled magneto-transport in non-magnetic moiré superlattices.

The quantitative relationship between the fluctuation of specific extrinsic and intrinsic factors, and stochastic fluctuations in gene expression - or noise - has not been clearly established. Here, Yang et al.demonstrate that intrinsic noise is independent of - while extrinsic noise scales linearly with - variation in RNA polymerase abundance.

An electron beam technique can be used to write high-resolution doping patterns in graphene and MoS₂ van der Waals heterostructures, and could allow doped circuit designs to be created.

Recently, a Luttinger liquid state was reported in a moiré superlattice of bilayer tungsten ditelluride at small twist angles and temperatures of a few kelvins. Here, the authors extend this result to millikelvin temperatures, supporting the existence of the 2D anisotropic Luttinger liquid as a stable ground state.

Twisted van der Waals structures represent a versatile platform to investigate topological and correlated electronic states. Here, the authors report the visualization of an electron crystal phase in twisted monolayer-bilayer graphene via scanning tunnelling microscopy, studying the coupling between strong electron correlation and nontrivial band topology.

Observing and tuning the Kondo effect in graphene is experimentally challenging. Here, the authors identify the spectroscopic signature of Kondo screening in graphene, along with a quantum phase transition between screened and unscreened phases of vacancy magnetic moments.

Whole-genome sequencing data for 2,778 cancer samples from 2,658 unique donors across 38 cancer types is used to reconstruct the evolutionary history of cancer, revealing that driver mutations can precede diagnosis by several years to decades.

RAS mutations have been shown to be lost after first line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer. Here, the authors leverage the GOZILA study to identify these patients and identify their association with other risk factor.

The absence of a bandgap in the electronic spectrum of graphene can be overcome by breaking its lattice symmetry. The authors show that the insulating state of gapped graphene is electrically shorted by narrow edge channels exhibiting high conductivity.

Precise control of the relative orientation of two two-dimensional layers enables reproducible fabrication of heterostructure devices. Here, the authors show that graphene rotates towards the crystallographic direction of a boron-nitride substrate due to the interplay between van der Waals and elastic energies.

Van der Waals heterostructures offer a platform for harnessing the spin-valley degree of freedom for information processing. Here, the authors transfer optically generated spin-valley polarization from one layer to another in a two-dimensional molybdenum diselenide–tungsten diselenide heterostructure.

A single layer of graphene on top of a hexagonal boron-nitride sheet can stretch to form a commensurate structure, or not — depending on the rotation angle between the two layers. In the case of commensurability, strain gets concentrated in domain walls, resulting in soliton-like structures.

A homojunction device made from two-dimensional tungsten diselenide can be used to create circuits that exhibit multifunctional logic and neuromorphic capabilities with simpler designs than conventional silicon-based systems.

Designing large-scale crossbar arrays for energy efficient neuromorphic computing systems remains a challenge. Here, the authors propose Van der Waals (h-BN/graphene/h-BN) self-selective memory design able to combine, in the same cell, non-volatile and volatile behaviors with negligible sneak current.

The authors use nitrogen-vacancy centre magnetometry to explore layer number and magnetic field evolution of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic domains in the A-type antiferromagnet CrPS₄.

Graphene on boron nitride gives rise to a moiré superlattice displaying the Hofstadter butterfly: a fractal dependence of energy bands on external magnetic fields. Now, by means of capacitance spectroscopy, further aspects of this system are revealed—most notably, suppression of quantum Hall antiferromagnetism at particular commensurate magnetic fluxes.

With the generation of large pan-cancer whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing projects, a question remains about how comparable these datasets are. Here, using The Cancer Genome Atlas samples analysed as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes project, the authors explore the concordance of mutations called by whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing techniques.

The authors present electrical transport-based evidence of generalized Wigner crystal states in twisted bilayer MoSe₂ at fractional electron fillings ν = 2/5, 1/2, 3/5, 2/3, 8/9, 10/9, and 4/3, together with a Mott state at ν = 1. They further demonstrate continuous quantum melting transitions in a multi-parameter space of electron density, displacement and magnetic fields.

Evidence is shown for a skyrmion-like texture in the layer polarization of the electronic wavefunctions of a twisted two-dimensional material. This provides support for theories that link this spatial texture to the topological properties.

The flagship paper of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium describes the generation of the integrative analyses of 2,658 cancer whole genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types, the structures for international data sharing and standardized analyses, and the main scientific findings from across the consortium studies.

The authors present SVclone, a computational method for inferring the cancer cell fraction of structural variants from whole-genome sequencing data.

Cancers evolve as they progress under differing selective pressures. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, the authors present the method TrackSig the estimates evolutionary trajectories of somatic mutational processes from single bulk tumour data.

Understanding deregulation of biological pathways in cancer can provide insight into disease etiology and potential therapies. Here, as part of the PanCancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) consortium, the authors present pathway and network analysis of 2583 whole cancer genomes from 27 tumour types.

There’s an emerging body of evidence to show how biological sex impacts cancer incidence, treatment and underlying biology. Here, using a large pan-cancer dataset, the authors further highlight how sex differences shape the cancer genome.

Analyses of 2,658 whole genomes across 38 types of cancer identify the contribution of non-coding point mutations and structural variants to driving cancer.

In somatic cells the mechanisms maintaining the chromosome ends are normally inactivated; however, cancer cells can re-activate these pathways to support continuous growth. Here, the authors characterize the telomeric landscapes across tumour types and identify genomic alterations associated with different telomere maintenance mechanisms.

Integrative analyses of transcriptome and whole-genome sequencing data for 1,188 tumours across 27 types of cancer are used to provide a comprehensive catalogue of RNA-level alterations in cancer.

Whole-genome sequencing data from more than 2,500 cancers of 38 tumour types reveal 16 signatures that can be used to classify somatic structural variants, highlighting the diversity of genomic rearrangements in cancer.

Cardiomyocytes are the dominant initiators of a type I interferon response in the infarct borderzone.

Viral pathogen load in cancer genomes is estimated through analysis of sequencing data from 2,656 tumors across 35 cancer types using multiple pathogen-detection pipelines, identifying viruses in 382 genomic and 68 transcriptome datasets.

Analysis of cancer genome sequencing data has enabled the discovery of driver mutations. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium the authors present DriverPower, a software package that identifies coding and non-coding driver mutations within cancer whole genomes via consideration of mutational burden and functional impact evidence.

A pan-cancer genomic analysis reports the effects of structural variations on chromatin domains (TADs). Most TAD disruptions do not result in appreciable changes in expression of nearby genes.

An analysis of 2,954 genomes from 38 cancer subtypes identified 19,166 retrotransposition events in 35% of samples. Aberrant LINE-1 retrotranspositions can lead to the deletion of tumor-suppressor genes as well as the amplification of oncogenes.

Some cancer patients first present with metastases where the location of the primary is unidentified; these are difficult to treat. In this study, using machine learning, the authors develop a method to determine the tissue of origin of a cancer based on whole sequencing data.

Many tumours exhibit hypoxia (low oxygen) and hypoxic tumours often respond poorly to therapy. Here, the authors quantify hypoxia in 1188 tumours from 27 cancer types, showing elevated hypoxia links to increased mutational load, directing evolutionary trajectories.

Multi-omics datasets pose major challenges to data interpretation and hypothesis generation owing to their high-dimensional molecular profiles. Here, the authors develop ActivePathways method, which uses data fusion techniques for integrative pathway analysis of multi-omics data and candidate gene discovery.

The characterization of 4,645 whole-genome and 19,184 exome sequences, covering most types of cancer, identifies 81 single-base substitution, doublet-base substitution and small-insertion-and-deletion mutational signatures, providing a systematic overview of the mutational processes that contribute to cancer development.

In this study the authors consider the structural variants (SVs) present within cancer cases of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium. They report hundreds of genes, including known cancer-associated genes for which the nearby presence of a SV breakpoint is associated with altered expression.

Boron-containing drug candidates have garnered increasing attention due to their pharmacological properties and application in boron neutron capture therapy. Here, the authors report a transition metal-free anti-addition of pinacolborane to alkynes, facilitated by the counteranion effect for the facile construction of bora-butenolide bioisosteres.

Transition metal dichalcogenides exhibit diverse and tunable electronic states. Here the authors reveal a cascade of phase transitions upon increasing hydrostatic pressure in the few-layer 1T’-WS₂, including a re-entrant superconducting phase emerging from a normal state exhibiting anomalous Hall effect.

Stereochemical control of acyclic carbon radical intermediates remains a challenge, due to the difficulty in differentiation between the two faces of the planar species. Here the authors show diastereodivergent hydrogen atom transfer to acyclic carbon radicals via control of N-heterocyclic carbene–borane reagents with either a thiol catalyst or a Lewis acid.

The dynamical axion quasiparticle, which is directly analogous to the hypothetical fundamental axion particle, is observed in two-dimensional MnBi₂Te₄, and has implications for quantum chromodynamics, cosmology and string theory.

Γ and K valleys in twisted transition metal dichalcogenides have emerged as highly tunable knobs for accessing different correlated electronic states in solid-state devices. Here, the authors tune a Mott-Hubbard state to a charge-transfer insulator state in twisted double-bilayer WSe₂.

Alveolar macrophages represent a cell type that is physiologic to the lung immune landscape, however, it is not known whether they play an active role to maintain the tumour immune microenvironment. Here authors show by single cell RNA sequencing and functional experiments, that intra-tumour alveolar macrophages are phenotypically and transcriptionally different from the healthy ones, and likely play an aetio-pathologic role in tumorigenesis.

The inflammasome is an essential component of inflammatory processes and the host response to infection. Here the authors show that inflammasome activation modulates MyD88-IRF7 type I IFN signalling and anti-malaria immunity.

Memory effect is seldom found in ferroic domains after reversible phase transformations. Here, the authors develop a pair of single-component organic enantiomorphic multiferroic crystals with erasable ferroelectric and ferroelastic domains.

In the observational SCRUM-Japan GOZILA study, after a median follow-up of 11 months, patients with metastatic gastrointestinal tumors who received biomarker-matched therapies based on circulating tumor DNA profiling showed a greater clinical benefit than those receiving unmatched therapy.