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Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune condition leading to extreme muscle weakness due to autoantibodies targeting the neuromuscular junctions. Here authors assign a critical role for platelets in amplifying the pro-inflammatory response in AChR+ immunotherapy-naïve MG (nMG) patients and thus contributing to disease pathology.

A reinforcement learning-based virtual reality system, implementing a series of sport sessions with coaching, was as effective as standard physical activity in reducing fat mass in adolescents, with positive effects on cognition.

Selective CO₂ hydrogenation to methanol under mild conditions remains challenging. Here, sulfur-bridged Mo binuclear sites on covalent triazine frameworks enable efficient room-temperature conversion via cooperative CO₂ activation and H₂ splitting.

The immune response involves multiple cell state transitions and complex gene expression changes. Here, the authors establish scIVNL-seq to survey time-resolved RNA dynamics of immune cells during Salmonella infection, revealing distinct RNA control strategies and cell activation patterns underlying immune responses.

Assembly and analysis of a giant genome of 52.7 Gb, with the largest chromosome so far, and a smaller genome of 3.55 Gb, sheds light on the expansion, maintenance and higher-order chromatin structure of giant genome.

Mitochondria coordinate with lysosomes to maintain cellular homeostasis. Here the authors show that mitochondrial defects can downregulate lysosomal alpha mannosidase VI which in turn, further impairs mitochondrial status.

Using sequencing and haplotype-resolved assembly of 65 diverse human genomes, complex regions including the major histocompatibility complex and centromeres are analysed.

Solid electrolytes play a crucial role as ion conductors and separator between electrodes in all-solid-state batteries. Here, the authors report a high-entropy halide solid electrolyte, which reveals the structure evolution with the increasing configurational entropy and improves the high-voltage stability.

The neural mechanisms underlying the emergence and modulation of maternal defense behavior are not well understood. Here authors report D1-expressing prefrontal cortical neurons projecting to the medial preoptic area drive maternal defense behavior in mice.

Designing electrode architectures for Li-ion batteries that can be reversibly accessible for ion storage can be challenging. Using operando techniques the mechanistic origin of lithiation-induced phase transformations in a V₂O₅ model cathode is now clarified.

Personalized nanovaccines can elicit robust T-cell response but identifying tumour-specific antigens sometimes remains challenging. Here these groups identify IFN-γ as a potent stimulator for the antigen presentation across a broad range of cancer cell types and then fabricating corresponding nanovaccine inducing poly-neoepitopic T-cell responses at low dosage.

Lilies are perennial plants with ornamental flowers and large genomes. The authors assemble genomes of two Liliales species, analyze lily phylogeny, flower and stem development (bulbs in lilies, rhizomes in flame lilies), bulb growth transitions, and colchicine biosynthesis.

DeepRETStroke is a deep learning system using retinal photographs to detect silent brain infarction and predict future stroke events.

NiFe-based hydroxides are well-known for alkaline water oxidation but face efficiency issues due to unclear Fe dynamics. Here, the authors report that surface Fe dynamics are affected by Fe diffusion on the counter electrode and have developed a zinc-templated precursor to stabilize active Fe sites.

Fundamental biophysical principles that govern particle inclusion in or exclusion from condensates are discovered, wherein arbitrarily large particles controllably partition into condensates given sufficiently strong condensate-particle interactions.

Defective oxides are attractive for energy conversion and storage applications, but it remains challenging to implant defects in oxides under mild conditions. Here, the authors develop a versatile lithium reduction strategy to engineer the defects of oxides at room temperature leading to enhanced photocatalytic properties.

Here the authors investigated DHX36-induced RNA structurome changes by conducting Structure-seq and uncovered that DHX36 binding-induced 3’UTR structural accessibility enhances m6A dependent YTHDF1 binding to promote target mRNA degradation.

The development of practical and selective strategies for deuterium incorporation to construct deuterium-labeled amino acids remains a challenge. Here, the authors report a bioinspired calcium-HFIP-mediated site-selective reductive deutero-amination of α-oxo-carbonyl compounds with amines.

Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are important contributors to anti-tumour immunity, but they often become dysfunctional in cancers. Here authors show that inhibited iNKT intra-tumour motility and iNKT cell exclusion from tumours by macrophages both contribute to their diminished function in cancer, and by therapeutic interference with the respective motility and iNKT-macrophage interaction pathways, their function can be restored.

It is largely unknown how individual cell behaviours translate into collective cell action that underlies bone morphogenesis. Here the authors perform quantitative imaging of the long bone cartilage growth plate and identify the key cellular mechanisms of cartilage morphogenesis.

ATP/ADP translocators in obligate intracellular parasites and plastids facilitate energy parasitism and endosymbiosis by mediating ATP import and ADP export, with their cryo-EM structures and mechanisms revealed, providing insights for drug development against intracellular pathogens.

The enzyme involved in RNA primer removal during ptDNA replication has long remained mysterious. Researchers have now found that PEN1 is responsible for this process, thereby filling a critical gap in our understanding of ptDNA replication.

The performances of rechargeable batteries are detrimentally affected by low temperatures (e.g., < 0 °C). Here, the authors report a few-layer Bi2Se3 material capable of improving battery cycling performances when operational temperatures are shifted from +25 °C to −20 °C.

Primary biliary cholangitis is a chronic autoimmune disease critically linked to immunological dysregulation but the local immune-pathogenesis is poorly understood. Here the authors present single cell transcriptomic characterisation of primary biliary cholangitis and implicates Th1 like cells in a murine model.

Long-lasting zinc metal electrodes are crucial in developing commercial zinc-based batteries. Here, the authors investigate the different morphology evolution between the stripping and plating process and propose electrochemical protocols to prolong the lifespan of zinc anodes.

Tailored to provide diabetes management recommendations from large training and validation datasets, an artificial intelligence system integrating language and computer vision capabilities is shown to improve self-management of patients in a prospective implementation study.

Results of a multicentre phase 1 clinical trial evaluating treatment with the engineered herpes simplex virus VG161 in advanced liver cancer indicate a good safety profile and promising efficacy.

Analysis of single-cell RNA-sequencing data from seven amphioxus embryo stages informs the evolution of chordate cell type evolution and reveals three developmental origins for the vertebrate nervous system.

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a leading cause of low back pain and disability worldwide. Here, Liu et. al find the loss of protein MFG-E8 from damaged nucleus pulposus tissue plays a role in IDD and design a glycan to enrich endogenous MFG-E8 for IDD treatment.

Forest productivity stability should increase with succession. However, examining forest inventory dataset from the eastern United States, the authors find that productivity stability decreased with stand age and recommend protecting species diversity at multiple scales.

Dysregulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) contributes to intestinal tumorigenesis. Here the authors report that excessive mtROS induces the release of mitochondrial PGAM5 into cytoplasm and subsequent dephosphorylation of MST3 kinase, promoting colorectal cancer progression.

Introducing the pyrenoid-based CO2-concentrating mechanism of green algae into crops could greatly improve photosynthesis. Here, the authors show that expression of the algal linker protein EPYC1 and a plant-algal hybrid Rubisco in Arabidopsis chloroplasts leads to formation of a phase separated algal-like proto-pyrenoid.

SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections in vaccinated individuals are a public health concern. Here, the authors analyse the clinical characteristics and profile immune alterations among vaccinated and non-vaccinated residents with Delta SARS-CoV-2 infection in Guangzhou.

The role of small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) in cancer stem cells (CSCs) is not much explored. Here, the authors identify that the snoRNA SNORD88B drives self-renewal of liver CSCs and liver tumorigenesis through promoting the nucleolar shuttle protein WRN retention in the nucleolus and dysregulation of Hippo signaling.

Wang, Zhang, Zheng et al. demonstrate that tumour cell-derived lymphotoxin-β activates NF-κB2 signalling and CCL2/5 secretion in osteoblasts to promote bone metastasis in breast cancer, which may potentially be targeted with a decoy receptor in vivo.

Improving the imaging of cancer may enhance the treatment of patients, Here, the authors develop a Mn(II) based nanoparticle contrast agent for MRI imaging and show that the nanoparticles can cross the brain barrier and image glioma cells.