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Polymer dielectrics are key for capacitors in energy applications but are hard to improve for high temperatures. This work uses artificial intelligence to design fillers with a large bandgap and high affinity, enabling durable, high-energy polyimide composites for harsh environments.

In this Perspective, members of the Aging Biomarker Consortium outline the X-Age Project, an Aging Biomarker Consortium plan for building standardized aging clocks in China. The authors discuss the project roadmap and its aims of decoding aging heterogeneity, detecting accelerated aging early and evaluating geroprotective interventions.

Using human data and mice models, it was revealed that assimilation of ammonia by a gut microbe prevents its harmful accumulation that can impair kidney function.

The use of biomarkers of ageing is crucial for investigating age-related processes. This Review discusses biomarkers of ageing and of ageing-associated physiological changes, at the cellular, tissue and organism levels in humans and non-human primates.

Understanding the electrical double layer at solid-liquid interfaces is crucial for various technologies. Here, the authors present an optical method for direct visualization and quantification of the zeta potential at 2D material interfaces.

Faecal microbiome transplant has been shown to be able to reduce Clostridioides difficile infection. Here the authors show that an intestinal commensal protozoan reduces C. difficile infection by inhibiting neutrophil recruitment and affecting arginine-ornithine metabolism.

A ketogenic diet can reduce calorie absorption and protect against obesity by inducing changes to the gut microbiota and the bile acid pool.

H5N1 avian influenza viruses can be highly pathogenic. Here, the authors show that H5N1 infection leads to increased serum levels of angiotensin II in patients and mice, and that administration of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 ameliorates lung injury in infected mice.

A cross-sectional study of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and a longitudinal follow-up study of patients with COVID-19 suggest that SARS-CoV2-specific IgG or IgM seroconversion occurs within 20 days post symptom onset.

Asymmetric Büchner reactions are an effective methodology to bring about synthetic complexity from the common benzene motif, but effective, general catalytic methods are scarce. Here, the authors present divergent asymmetric arene dearomatization from ynamides using copper catalysis, wherein the catalytic cycle proceeds via a putative vinyl cation intermediate.

Following a previous multicenter clinical study on severe community acquired pneumonia (SCAP), Profs. Qu and Liu groups here perform surface protein-focused CRISPR screens with SCAP-associated human adenovirus species B and identify ALCAM as an entry factor.

The large-scale synthesis of high-concentration dispersions of 2D nanosheets remains challenging. Here, the authors report a multi-step process to produce aqueous dispersions of few-layer graphene with ~94.5 wt.% yield and concentrations exceeding 100 mg/mL, showing the important role of inter-sheet repulsive excluded volume interactions.

Probing the localized electrocatalytic activity of heterogeneous electrocatalysts is crucial. Here, the authors propose a method of imaging the surface charge density and electrocatalytic activity of single two-dimensional electrocatalyst nanosheets.

Single-wall carbon nanotubes have been reported in field effect transistors as a function of nanotube diameter, showing increasing current with increasing diameter. Su et al. show how the chiral structures of single-wall carbon nanotubes affect their electrical transport properties.

Age-related macular degeneration is a prominent cause of irreversible blindness among the elderly. Here Huang et al.identify a novel missense variant in UBE3D that sheds new light on the pathogenesis of the disease.

Blue phases are a liquid crystalline state with attractive optical properties but their use in devices can be hindered by their polycrystalline nature. Here the authors create monocrystalline blue phase domains by designing substrates with patterns which are determined by field-theoretic simulations.

The RNAs bound to the genome and their binding sites are detected with GRID-seq.

Act1 is an adaptor protein that associates with the IL-17 receptor at the cell membrane. Li and colleagues show that Act1 also exhibits unexpected RNA-binding activity and directly stabilizes select mRNAs encoding inflammatory cytokines and chemokines.

Cellular senescence is associated with epigenetic remodeling. Here, the authors report that TGF-β signaling promotes miR-29 mediated loss of H4K20me3 thus accelerating senescence.

Chiral spirocyclic compounds are important structural motifs for drug discovery. Here, the authors report a synthetic route to spirocycles based on enantioselective cycloaddition of activated spirocyclopropyl oxindoles, which act as donor-acceptor cyclopropanes.

Membranes made of metal-coated silicon nitride can be used to assemble van der Waals heterostructures without a polymer support layer, thus improving cleanliness and allowing assembly at more extreme temperature and vacuum conditions.

CTLA-4 is an important co-inhibitory receptor for T cells. Here, the authors show that CTLA-4 also has a function on B-1a cells, as conditional deletion results in activation of these cells and knockout mice develop an autoimmune profile.

The increasing scale and scope of biomedical data is generating tremendous opportunities for improving health outcomes, but also raises new challenges ranging from data acquisition and storage to data analysis and utilization. To meet these challenges, the authors develop the Personal Health Dashboard, which provides an end-to-end solution for deep biomedical data analytics.

Large-scale production of single-chirality carbon nanotubes has long been a major challenge. Here, authors report a simple, yet effective, method to increase the yield of gel chromatography separation of single-chirality carbon nanotubes by enabling significantly higher concentrations of raw nanotubes solution.

The authors report spin current generation in a metallic layer adjacent to a non-magnetic chiral hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite when subjected to a thermal gradient, and attribute this to chiral phonons possessing angular momentum.

Jie He and colleagues report exome sequencing of 113 tumor-normal pairs of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. They highlight mutations in genes involved in cell cycle and apoptosis regulation, histone modifier genes and genes encoding members of the Hippo and Notch pathways.

Precise control of the microstructure of nanomaterials is of interest but living lateral growth of cylinders is still very challenging. Here, the authors propose a crystallization-driven fusion-induced particle assembly strategy to prepare cylinders with growing diameters by controlled fusion of spherical micelles self-assembled from an amphiphilic homopolymer.