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Antigen processing and presentation is the process by which protein antigen is ingested by an antigen-presenting cell (APC), partially digested into peptide fragments and then displayed on the surface of the APC associated with an antigen-presenting molecule such as MHC class I or MHC class II, for recognition by certain lymphocytes such as T cells.
Recent work has revealed that dendritic cells (DCs) are more heterogeneous than previously thought, yet the functional roles of these newly described DC subsets remain unclear. Here, Li et al. find that in mice, TSLP from keratinocytes activates transitional DC-derived DC2 to promote GATA3+ regulatory T cells and mediate immunosuppression during inflammation and cancer.
A novel low-input, single-tube immunopeptidomics method uncovers widespread intratumor heterogeneity in MHC-I antigen presentation that is largely uncoupled from proteomic heterogeneity.
Lipid nanoparticle based mRNA vaccines are known to induce robust CD4 + T cell responses. Here the authors establish a role of endogenously derived antigen processing in the optimal priming of CD4 + T cell responses to mRNA lipid nanoparticle vaccines.
New data show that DNGR-1 enables type 1 conventional dendritic cells to sculpt cancer immunoediting through selective cross-presentation of F-actin-tethered neoantigens, enriching tumors for immune-evasive variants.
Cathepsin L, a lysosomal protease, is critical for thymic epithelial cell function, particularly in CD4+ T cell selection, TCR repertoire diversity and the regulation of peripheral immune responses.
A healthy immune system is tolerant to self-antigens while maintaining responsiveness to foreign threats. Co-expression of the inhibitory receptors PD-1 and CD73 regulates tolerance by restricting the expansion of auto-reactive CD4+ T cells independently of thymic selection.
A method for designing high-affinity, specific binders to peptide–MHC complexes may improve the next generation of antigen-specific T cell-based therapeutics.
