Abstract
A combination of stable isotopes (15N) and molecular ecological approaches was used to investigate the vertical distribution and mechanisms of biological N2 production along a transect from the Omani coast to the central–northeastern (NE) Arabian Sea. The Arabian Sea harbors the thickest oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) in the world's oceans, and is considered to be a major site of oceanic nitrogen (N) loss. Short (<48 h) anoxic incubations with 15N-labeled substrates and functional gene expression analyses showed that the anammox process was highly active, whereas denitrification was hardly detectable in the OMZ over the Omani shelf at least at the time of our sampling. Anammox was coupled with dissimilatory nitrite reduction to ammonium (DNRA), resulting in the production of double-15N-labeled N2 from 15NO2−, a signal often taken as the lone evidence for denitrification in the past. Although the central–NE Arabian Sea has conventionally been regarded as the primary N-loss region, low potential N-loss rates at sporadic depths were detected at best. N-loss activities in this region likely experience high spatiotemporal variabilities as linked to the availability of organic matter. Our finding of greater N-loss associated with the more productive Omani upwelling region is consistent with results from other major OMZs. The close reliance of anammox on DNRA also highlights the need to take into account the effects of coupling N-transformations on oceanic N-loss and subsequent N-balance estimates.
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Acknowledgements
We thank Gaute Lavik, Gabriele Klockgether, Daniela Franzke, Stefanie Pietsch, Vera Meyer (all from MPI-MM), Udo Huebner and Mark Metzke (University of Hamburg), as well as the captain and crew of R/V Meteor (M74-1b), for their conscientious technical and logistical support. We are also grateful to Rudolf Amann for the access to his laboratory facilities. Funding came from the Max Planck Gesellschaft, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (No. KU1550/3-1; MMMK and PL), the Danish Research Council (MMJ), the BioGeosphere Program of the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (MSMJ), and the Agouron Institute and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (NPR).
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Jensen, M., Lam, P., Revsbech, N. et al. Intensive nitrogen loss over the Omani Shelf due to anammox coupled with dissimilatory nitrite reduction to ammonium. ISME J 5, 1660–1670 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2011.44
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2011.44
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