Abstract
Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) was investigated above and within the oxygen-depleted waters of the oxygen-minimum zone of the Eastern Tropical North Pacific Ocean. BNF rates were estimated using an isotope tracer method that overcame the uncertainty of the conventional bubble method by directly measuring the tracer enrichment during the incubations. Highest rates of BNF (~4 nM day−1) occurred in coastal surface waters and lowest detectable rates (~0.2 nM day−1) were found in the anoxic region of offshore stations. BNF was not detectable in most samples from oxygen-depleted waters. The composition of the N2-fixing assemblage was investigated by sequencing of nifH genes. The diazotrophic assemblage in surface waters contained mainly Proteobacterial sequences (Cluster I nifH), while both Proteobacterial sequences and sequences with high identities to those of anaerobic microbes characterized as Clusters III and IV type nifH sequences were found in the anoxic waters. Our results indicate modest input of N through BNF in oxygen-depleted zones mainly due to the activity of proteobacterial diazotrophs.
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Acknowledgements
We are grateful for the help provided by the captain and crew of the R/V Thomas G. Thompson and chief scientist AH Devol for assistance in sampling and A Morello for help with nutrient measurements. We also thank J Granger for providing us with the finite-differencing model used to calculate 15N-contamination-sourced ‘N2-fixation’ rates. This work was funded by NSF grant no. OCE-1029951 to BBW and AJ and NSF grant no. OCE-1356043 to MRM, AJ and BXC. This is NOAA-PMEL contribution no. 4566. This publication is partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA10OAR4320148 (2010–2015) and NA15OAR4320063 (2015–2020), contribution no. 2016-01-46.
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Jayakumar, A., Chang, B., Widner, B. et al. Biological nitrogen fixation in the oxygen-minimum region of the eastern tropical North Pacific ocean. ISME J 11, 2356–2367 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2017.97
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2017.97
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