Lanostane-type triterpenes from the sporoderm-broken spores of Ganoderma lucidum

The fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum are widely used in China, Japan and Korea as medicine for a variety of diseases, such as chronic bronchitis inflammation, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, neurasthenia, hepatitis, leukopenia and adjuvant treatment of cancers.^{1, 2} Ganoderma spores is the fungus's reproductive cells ejected from the cap of G. lucidum after the fruiting bodies become mature. In recent years, with the development of spores collection, sporoderm-broken technology and application of modern analytical instruments, there has been some progress on chemical constituents, pharmacological effects and mechanisms of action of Ganoderma spores. Moreover, the increasing publications in domestic and international suggest the important bioactivities of the spores of G. lucidum.^{3, 4}

The chemical constituents and bioactivities of the fruiting bodies of G. lucidum have been fully investigated, and >150 triterpenes have been reported from the fruiting bodies of G. lucidum representing five major structural classes.^{5, 6, 7} However, the chemical investigation of the spores of G. lucidum can only be traced to 1988.⁸ Up to now, a series of new lanostane-type triterpenes, such as ganosporelactones A, B,⁹ lucidumol A, ganoderic acid β,¹⁰ ganoderic acid γ, δ, ɛ, ξ, η, θ¹¹ and lucidenic acid SP,¹² were isolated from the spores of G. lucidum.

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