Table 1 Summary of the materials and processes typically used for the fabrication of flexible and stretchable physical sensing devices

2,000–4,100

<5

0.3–0.45

^{51– 53}

2,600–3,000

<1

0.37

⁵³

10–50

>100

0.48–0.49999

^{54, 55}

5,000–5,500

<3

0.3–0.37

^{52, 53, 87}

2,500–10,000

<5

0.34–0.48

^{53, 86}

~ 0.36–0.87

>200

0.49999

70–80

⁵³

~ 0.02–0.25

>300

0.49999

⁵³

>300

0.49999

⁵⁶

~ 0.005

>250

0.49999

^{56– 58}

Size

Sheet resistance

Ref.

2–400 nm (in diameter) and 200–1000 nm (in length)

0.015–20

 Ω sq⁻¹

⁵³

10–2000 nm (in diameter) and 500–5000 nm (in length)

30–5×10⁶

 Ω sq⁻¹

^{53, 62– 65}

Not applicable

2.63×10⁻⁹–0.025 Ω cm⁻¹

^{84, 85}

Resolution (μm)

Throughput (m min⁻¹)

Ref.

50–500

8–100

⁵³

30–700

0.6–100

⁵³

15–100

0.02–5

⁵³