Figure 3: Information content in different PFM imaging and spectroscopic techniques.
From: Rapid mapping of polarization switching through complete information acquisition

Images of a PZT-nanocapacitor sample obtained from S-PFM, BEPS and G-VS. S-PFM (a) amplitude and (b) phase maps. (c) Total piezoresponse loop area from BEPS. (d) Total strain loop area from G-VS. (e,f) Average response on the nanocapacitors and PZT areas. (e) Piezoresponse from BEPS data. Piezoresponse (PR) is defined as PR(V)=A(V)*cos(ϕ(V)) where A and ϕ are the amplitude and phase as a function of the applied DC bias, V. (f) Mean strain loops from G-VS data.