Figure 5: Bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting.

(a) Steady-state polarization curves of the catalysts on CFP with 1 mg cm−2 of mass loading for overall water splitting at a scan rate of 5 mV s−1 in 1 M KOH electrolyte with a two-electrode configuration after a 20 min open circuit scan. The green dash line represents the polarization curve of 2.5H-PHNCMs with 3 mg cm−2 of mass loading, which holds just 1.44 V to reach a current density of 10 mA cm−2. (b) Chronoamperometric curves of 2.5H-PHNCMs with 1 mg cm−2 (upper) and 3 mg cm−2 (lower) of mass loading for overall water splitting in a two-electrode configuration at constant cell voltages of 1.49 and 1.44 V, respectively.