Figure 2: Biphasic voltage stimulation saturated signals only on nearby recording electrodes.

(a) The duration of a saturated signal occurring after stimuli is plotted versus distance from the stimulation electrode (mean±s.e.m.; N=18 stimulation electrodes from five CMOS-based MEAs). Stimuli consisted of biphasic voltage pulses between 100 and 200 μs duration per phase and between ±400 and 800 mV amplitude. On an average, signals on <1% of the electrodes become saturated after a stimulus. (b) A raw voltage trace recorded at an electrode neighbouring a stimulation electrode saturated for about 4 ms (flat line). The stimulus was applied at time zero. (c) A raw voltage trace recorded at an electrode located 1.46 mm away from a stimulation electrode did not saturate; the signal during stimulation was blanked in software before recording. Synaptic activity was pharmacologically blocked (see Methods), demonstrating that the stimulus directly evoked an action potential that antidromically propagated until evoking the exceptionally large somatic action potential plotted here.