Figure 7: CTLA-4 inhibits glycolytic reprogramming without increasing the rate of fatty acid β-oxidation.
CD4+ primary human T cells were either left unstimulated (UT) or were incubated with magnetic beads conjugated with αCD3/αCD28/IgG (T cells co-stimulated (TCC)) or magnetic beads conjugated with αCD3/αCD28/αCTLA-4 mAbs (T cells co-stimulated+ CTLA-4 (TCC+CTLA4)). (a) Expression of Glut1 after culture under the indicated conditions and time intervals was examined by flow cytometry. Results are representative of three experiments. (b–f) mRNA for HK2, SNAT1, SNAT2, CPT1A and ATGL was analysed by real-time quantitative PCR and relative expression of mRNA of each time point and culture condition over the levels expressed in unstimulated cells (defined as 1) is shown. (g) Fatty acid β-oxidation rate after culture under the indicated conditions for various time intervals was examined. (h,i) Analysis of lactate (h) and 3-hyroxybutyrate (i), end metabolites of glycolysis and fatty acid β-oxidation, respectively, was performed in culture supernatants. (For the studies shown in all panels: *P<0.05, TCC+CTLA4 versus TCC, Student’s t-test; ♦P<0.05, TCC versus UT and TCC+CTLA4 versus UT, analysis of variance; n=3 experiments).
