Table 3 Metabolites associated with all-cause mortality (second-stage sample: N=2,327).

From: Distinct metabolomic signatures are associated with longevity in humans

Profiling method

Metabolite*

Age- and sex adjusted

Multivariable-adjusted †

  

HR (95% CI)

P value

HR (95% CI)

P value

Polar, positively charged

Cotinine

1.39 (1.27–1.51)

1.8E−13

1.21 (1.03–1.42)

0.02

 

Histidine

0.85 (0.77–0.93)

0.0003

0.87 (0.79–0.95)

0.003

 

Lysine

0.85 (0.77–0.93)

0.0007

0.85 (0.77–0.94)

0.002

 

Threonine

0.90 (0.82–0.996)

0.04

0.93 (0.84–1.02)

0.14

Polar, negatively charged

Aconitate

1.25 (1.12–1.40)

5.0E−05

1.21 (1.09–1.36)

0.0007

 

β-Hydroxybutyrate

1.21 (1.10–1.33)

0.0002

1.17 (1.06–1.29)

0.002

 

Isocitrate

1.34 (1.20–1.49)

2.0E−07

1.26 (1.12–1.41)

9.6E−05

 

Malate

1.17 (1.07–1.29)

0.001

1.15 (1.05–1.27)

0.003

 

Taurocholate

1.14 (1.02–1.28)

0.02

1.14 (1.01–1.28)

0.03

 

Uridine

0.77 (0.69–0.85)

1.8E−07

0.80 (0.72–0.88)

1.3E−05

Lipid

LPC 22:6

0.86 (0.77–0.95)

0.003

0.92 (0.82–1.02)

0.10

 

PC 38:6

0.83 (0.75–0.93)

0.0007

0.88 (0.79–0.98)

0.02

  1. CI, confidence interval; HR, hazards ratio; LPC, lysophosphatidylcholine; PC, phosphatidylcholine.
  2. No. of deaths per persons at risk was 439/2,327 for the sample with polar positive analyte data, 372/1,937 for the sample with polar negative analyte data and 373/1,944 for the sample with lipid data.
  3. *Metabolites were natural log transformed and standardized (mean=0, s.d.=1).
  4. †All analyses adjusted for age and sex; multivariable-adjusted models additionally adjusted for body mass index, systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive treatment, diabetes, smoking status and total/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
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