Figure 3: Three-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (3DES) spectrum of LHCII.
From: Direct observation of multistep energy transfer in LHCII with fifth-order 3D electronic spectroscopy

Spectrum recorded at population times t2=0.3 ps and t4=800 fs. The isosurface represents amplitude values of 0.1 relative to the global maximum. The cutaway at λ5=685 nm to better illustrate the features and structure of the 3D spectra. The prominent feature to note is the ridge along the λ5 axis, around λ1=655, λ3=670. The ridge’s shape and feature evolves with the different population times t4 in our experiments.