Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

  • Commentary
  • Published:

AIDS vaccine models: Challenging challenge viruses

Preclinical challenge studies of AIDS vaccines in non-human primates have an important role in the AIDS vaccine development effort. However, to be most useful, challenge models need to be improved to more closely reflect the actual biological circumstances of HIV-1 infection and transmission in humans.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Relevant articles

Open Access articles citing this article.

Access options

Buy this article

USD 39.95

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

Figure 1: Contrasting natural histories of AIDS virus infections.

References

  1. Nathanson, N., Hirsch, V.M. & Mathieson, B.J. The role of nonhuman primates in the development of an AIDS vaccine. AIDS 13 (suppl. A), S113–S120 (1999).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Hirsch, V.M. & Lifson, J.D. Simian immunodeficiency virus infection of monkeys as a model system for the study of AIDS pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention. Adv. Pharmacol. 49, 437–477 (2000).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Li, J.T. et al. Persistent infection of macaques with simian-human immunodeficiency viruses. J. Virol. 69, 7061–7067 (1995).

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  4. Kuwata, T. et al. Construction of human immunodeficiency virus 1/simian immunodeficiency virus strain mac chimeric viruses having vpr and/or nef of different parental origins and their in vitro and in vivo replication. J. Gen. Virol. 76, 2181–2191 (1995).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Joag, S.V. et al. Chimeric simian/human immunodeficiency virus that causes progressive loss of CD4+ T cells and AIDS in pig-tailed macaques. J. Virol. 70, 3189–3197 (1996).

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. Reimann, K.A. et al. A chimeric simian/human immunodeficiency virus expressing a primary patient human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolate env causes an AIDS-like disease after in vivo passage in rhesus monkeys. J. Virol. 70, 6922–6928 (1996).

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Parker, R.A, Regan, M.M. & Reimann, K.A. Variability of viral load in plasma of Rhesus monkeys inoculated with simian immunodeficiency virus or simian-human immunodeficiency virus: Implications for using nonhuman primate AIDS models to test vaccines and therapeutics. J. Virol. 75, 11234–11238 (2001).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  8. Schultz, A.M. & Bradac, J. The HIV vaccine pipeline, from clinical to phase III. AIDS 15 (suppl. 5), S127–S137 (2001).

    Google Scholar 

  9. Mascola, J.R. & Nabel, G.J. Vaccines for the prevention of HIV-1 disease. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 13, 489–495 (2001).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Mellors, J.W. et al. Plasma viral load and CD4+ lymphocytes as prognostic markers of HIV-1 infection. Ann. Intern. Med. 126, 946–954 (1997).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Quinn, T.C. et al. Viral load and heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Rakai Project Study Group. N. Engl. J. Med. 342, 921–929 (2000).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Etemad-Moghadam, B. et al. Membrane-fusing capacity of the human immunodeficiency virus envelope proteins determines the efficiency of CD+ T-cell depletion in macaques infected by a simian-human immunodeficiency virus. J. Virol. 75, 5646–5655 (2001).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  13. Barouch, D.H. et al. Reduction of simian-human immunodeficiency virus 89.6P viremia in rhesus monkeys by recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara vaccination. J. Virol. 75, 5151–5158 (2001).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Barouch, D.H. et al. Control of viremia and prevention of clinical AIDS in rhesus monkeys by cytokine-augmented DNA vaccination. Science 290, 486–491 (2000).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Amara, R.R. et al. Control of mucosal challenge and prevention of AIDS by a multiprotein DNA/MVA vaccine. Science 292, 69–74 (2001).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Shiver, J. et al. Replication-incompetent adenoviral vaccine vector elicits effective anti-immunodeficiency-virus immunity. Nature 415, 331–335 (2002).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Rose, N.F. et al. An effective AIDS vaccine based on live attenuated vesicular stomatitis virus recombinants. Cell 106, 539–549 (2001).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Matano, T., Kano, M., Nakamura, H., Takeda, A. & Nagai, Y. Rapid appearance of secondary immune responses and protection from acute CD4 depletion after a highly pathogenic immunodeficiency virus challenge in macaques vaccinated with a DNAprime/Sendai virus vector boost regimen. J. Virol. 75, 11891–11896. (2001).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  19. Chen, X. et al. Protection of rhesus macaques against disease progression from pathogenic SHIV-89.6PD by vaccination with phage-displayed HIV-1 epitopes. Nature Med. 7, 1225–1231 (2001).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Michael, N.L. et al. Rapid disease progression without seroconversion following primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection—evidence for highly susceptible human hosts. J. Infect. Dis. 175, 1352–1359 (1997).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Montagnier, L. et al. Human immunodeficiency virus infection and AIDS in a person with negative serology. J. Infect. Dis. 175, 955–959 (1997).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Zhang, Y.-j. et al. Use of inhibitors to evaluate co-receptor usage by simian and simian/human immunodeficiency viruses and human immunodeficiency virus type 2 in primary cells. J. Virol. 74, 6893–6910 (2000).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  23. Schuitemaker, H. et al. Biological phenotype of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 clones at different stages of infection: progression of disease is associated with a shift from monocytotropic to T-cell-tropic virus population J. Virol. 66, 1354–1360 (1992).

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  24. McCune, J.M. The dynamics of CD4+ T-cell depletion in HIV disease. Nature 410, 974–979 (2001).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Veazey, R.S., Marx, P.A. & Lackner, A.A. The mucosal immune system: primary target for HIV infection and AIDS. Trends Immunol. 22, 626–633 (2001).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Harouse, J.M., Gettie, A., Tan, R.C., Blanchard, J. & Cheng-Mayer, C. Distinct pathogenic sequela in rhesus macaques infected with CCR5 or CXCR4 utilizing SHIVs. Science 284, 816–819 (1999).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Rosenberg, E.S. et al. Immune control of HIV-1 after early treatment of acute infection. Nature 407, 523–526 (2000).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Lori, F. et al. Control of SIV rebound through structured treatment interruptions during early infection. Science 290, 1591–1593 (2000).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Lifson, J.D. et al. Containment of simian immunodeficiency virus infection: cellular immune responses and protection from rechallenge following transient postinoculation antiretroviral treatment. J. Virol. 74, 2584–2593 (2000).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  30. Oxenius, A. et al. Variable fate of virus-specific CD4(+) T cells during primary HIV-1 infection. Eur. J. Immunol. 31, 3782–3788 (2001).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Blancou, P. et al. The infiltration kinetics of simian immunodeficiency virus-specific T cells drawn to sites of high antigenic stimulation determines local in vivo viral escape. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98, 13237–13242 (2001).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  32. Montefiori, D.C. et al. Neutralizing antibodies in sera from macaques infected with chimeric simian-human immunodeficiency virus containing the envelope glycoproteins of either a laboratory-adapted variant or a primary isolate of human immunodeficiency virus. J. Virol. 72, 3427–3431 (1998).

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  33. Ourmanov, I. et al. Comparative efficacy of recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara expressing simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Gag-Pol and/or Env in macaques challenged with pathogenic SIV. J. Virol. 74, 2740–2751 (2000).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  34. Seth, A. et al. Immunization with a modified vaccinia virus expressing simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Gag-Pol primes for an anamnestic Gag-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response and is associated with reduction of viremia after SIV challenge. J. Virol. 74, 2502–2509 (2000).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  35. Barouch, D.H. et al. Eventual AIDS vaccine failure in a rhesus monkey by viral escape from cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Nature 415, 335–339 (2002).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Feinberg, M., Moore, J. AIDS vaccine models: Challenging challenge viruses. Nat Med 8, 207–210 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1038/nm0302-207

Download citation

  • Issue date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nm0302-207

This article is cited by

Search

Quick links

Nature Briefing

Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science, free to your inbox daily.

Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Sign up for Nature Briefing