Abstract
Here we show, in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in 37,107 fully immunized infants in Soweto, South Africa, that a 9-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, PncCV, prevents 31% (95% confidence interval = 15–43%) of pneumonias associated with any of seven respiratory viruses in children in hospital. These data suggest that the pneumococcus has a major role in the development of pneumonia associated with these viruses and that viruses contribute to the pathogenesis of bacterial pneumonia. NOTE: In the version of this article originally published online, the species name was misspelled Streptococcus pnemoniae in the title of the article. The name should be Streptococcus pneumoniae . This error has been corrected for the HTML and print versions of the article.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 print issues and online access
$259.00 per year
only $21.58 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on SpringerLink
- Instant access to the full article PDF.
USD 39.95
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
Similar content being viewed by others
Change history
18 July 2004
Added the letter 'u' to the word 'pneumoniae'
References
Klugman, K.P. et al. N. Engl. J. Med. 349, 1341–1348 (2003).
Madhi, S.A., Schoub, B., Simmank, K., Blackburn, N. & Klugman, K.P. J. Pediatr. 137, 78–84 (2000).
Hament, J.M., Kimpen, J.L., Fleer, A. & Wolfs, T.F. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 26, 189–195 (1999).
Black, S. et al. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 19, 187–195 (2000).
Pneumonia Vaccine Trial Investigators' Group. Standardization of Interpretation of Chest Radiographs for the Diagnosis of Pneumonia in Children (Department of Vaccines and Biologicals, WHO, Geneva, 2001).
Madhi, S.A., Petersen, K., Madhi, A., Wasas, A. & Klugman, K.P. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 19, 1141–1147 (2000).
Mbelle, N. et al. J. Infect. Dis. 180, 1171–1176 (1999).
Peltola, V.T. & McCullers, J.A. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 23, S87–S97 (2004).
Ishizuka, S. et al. J. Infect. Dis. 188, 1928–1939 (2003).
Madhi, S.A., Ludewick, H., Abed, Y., Klugman, K.P. & Boivin, G. Clin. Infect. Dis. 37, 1705–1710 (2003).
Dagan, R. et al. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 20, 951–958 (2001).
Madhi, S.A. et al. Clin. Infect. Dis. 35, 1120–1126 (2002).
Whitney, C.G. et al. N. Engl. J. Med. 348, 1737–1746 (2003).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
Vaccine trial was funded by Wyeth.
Supplementary information
Supplementary Table 1
Pneumococcal bacteremia and respiratory viral isolation in intent-to-treat analysis. (PDF 20 kb)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Madhi, S., Klugman, K. & The Vaccine Trialist Group A role for Streptococcus pneumoniae in virus-associated pneumonia. Nat Med 10, 811–813 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1038/nm1077
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nm1077
This article is cited by
-
Effects of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on reducing the risk of respiratory disease associated with coronavirus infection
Pneumonia (2023)
-
Evaluation of the impact of childhood 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction on adult pneumonia in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia: study protocol for an observational study
BMC Public Health (2021)
-
A model of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection of infants in newborn lambs
Cell and Tissue Research (2020)
-
Human metapneumovirus prevalence and patterns of subgroup persistence identified through surveillance of pediatric pneumonia hospital admissions in coastal Kenya, 2007–2016
BMC Infectious Diseases (2019)
-
Evaluation of a phased pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction in Mongolia using enhanced pneumonia surveillance and community carriage surveys: a study protocol for a prospective observational study and lessons learned
BMC Public Health (2019)
