Fig. 1: Ribosomes can stall during translation elongation.
From: Quality control and signaling pathways at stalled ribosomes
a Stalled ribosomes collide with trailing ribosomes, forming disome complexes. b RNA damage caused by chemical or physical stress can induce stalling. c mRNAs lacking a stop codon can arise when a near-cognate polyadenylation signal (PAS) is present within the coding sequence. The canonical PAS motif is AAUAAA. The 5′-cap is also shown (m7Gppp). d Specific RNA sequences or nascent peptide features can inherently cause ribosome stalling. m6A modification typically occurs within the consensus sequence DRACH (D = A/G/U, R = A/G, H = A/C/U).
