Table 5 Proportion and area of ecological vulnerability grades and the changes in Libo-Huanjiang WHS

From: Spatiotemporal changes and driving factors of ecological vulnerability in karst World Heritage sites based on SRP and geodetector: a case study of Shibing and Libo-Huanjiang karst

Vulnerability level

2014

2018

2022

2014–2018

2018–2022

2014–2022

I

16.4259%

11.7950%

3.0063%

−4.6309%

−8.7887%

−13.4196%

II

51.9236%

42.1659%

42.5726%

−9.7577%

0.4067%

−9.3510%

III

28.2729%

32.6030%

39.0456%

4.3300%

6.4426%

10.7726%

IV

3.0172%

8.2508%

9.8959%

5.2336%

1.6451%

6.8787%

V

0.3604%

5.1853%

5.4797%

4.8249%

0.2944%

5.1193%