Table 1 The features and chemical composition of plastering samples

From: Exploring plastering techniques in ancient Chinese royal architecture at Huilong temple using multi-analytical methods

Sample number

Sample features

Lab number of layered sample

Test items

HLG-1

The original structure of HLG-1 was destructed by rainwater, and there were many slender fibers could be observed in HLG-1.

 

Fiber analysis

HLG-2

Two layers in the section of HLG-2, the surface layer is dark reddish-brown and the base layer is light reddish-brown. Both layers contain fibers.

Surface layer: HLG-2S

Grain size analysis

Chemical composition analysis

X-ray diffraction analysis

Infrared spectroscopic analysis

Simultaneous thermal analysis

  

Base layer: HLG-2B

Grain size analysis

Chemical composition analysis

X-ray diffraction analysis

Simultaneous thermal analysis

HLG-3

Three layers in the section of HLG-3, the outermost layer is modern lime layer. The original surface layer is dark reddish-brown and the base layer is light reddish-brown. Both of two original layers contain fibers and white particles.

Surface layer: HLG-3S

Grain size analysis

Chemical composition analysis

X-ray diffraction analysis

Infrared spectroscopic analysis

Simultaneous thermal analysis

  

Base layer: HLG-3B

Grain size analysis

Chemical composition analysis

X-ray diffraction analysis

Simultaneous thermal analysis

HLG-4

Same to HLG-3.

Surface layer: HLG-4S

Grain size analysis

Chemical composition analysis

X-ray diffraction analysis

Infrared spectroscopic analysis

  

Base layer: HLG-4B

Grain size analysis

Chemical composition analysis

X-ray diffraction analysis

HLG-5

Same to HLG-2.

Surface layer: HLG-5S

Grain size analysis

Chemical composition analysis

X-ray diffraction analysis

Infrared spectroscopic analysis

  

Base layer: HLG-5B

Grain size analysis

Chemical composition analysis

X-ray diffraction analysis