Table 3 Comparison of the accuracy of TLSA-PSO and TLSA model prediction results for column 323

From: Behavioral model construction of architectural heritage for digital twin

Deformation

Models

MAE

MSE

RMSE

R2

Lateral deformation

TLA

0.0313

0.0022

0.0471

0.9703

TLSA-PSO

0.0104

0.0003

0.0178

0.9958

Longitudinal deformation

TLA

0.0955

0.0102

0.1008

0.9353

TLSA-PSO

0.0146

0.0008

0.0287

0.9947

Vertical deformation

TLA

0.1141

0.0372

0.1928

0.9154

TLSA-PSO

0.1012

0.0309

0.1758

0.9296