Fig. 17
From: Automatic damage detection and localization of ancient city walls—a case study of the Great Wall

The top four images show the actual views of the defensive fort, with black lines outlining the wall surfaces, red markings indicating brick missing regions, and warm gray representing the remaining areas after excluding brick missing sections. The middle section presents four schematic diagrams of brick missing locations identified by the proposed localization algorithm. The bottom section presents the 3D model constructed in modelling software, assisted by the derived brick missing positions.