Table 2 Meaning, dimensions, and scales of evaluation indicators

From: Assessment of ecological and landscape services in urban green spaces in South China Karst

Evaluation indicators

Meaning

Dimensions

Scale

CSOR

Plants have the ability to sequester carbon and release oxygen.

One-dimensional

Urban area

WC

UGSs have the ability to retain water.

AC

UGS ecosystems have the ability to purify, filter, and decompose pollutants in the atmosphere, which mostly include sulfur dioxide absorption (SDA), nitrogen oxides absorption (NOA), and dust retention (DR).

SC

The ability of UGS to prevent soil erosion and intercept sediment.

BC

UGS provide habitats and breeding grounds for flora and fauna, promoting urban biodiversity.

GSA

The relative or absolute ease of overcoming spatial resistance to reach a green space from any point in space, and a measure of the level of service of a UGS layout.

Two-dimensional

Urban area/communities

GVI

The ratio of green landscape within the human field of vision can reflect the effect of green landscape at the three-dimensional spatial level and measure the intuitive feeling of people on urban greening71.

Three-dimensional

Human

RS

Residents’ subjective evaluation of the green space’s quality provides a real representation of the population’s contentment with its overall state.