Table 2 List of varnish removal solutions and delivery system, with preparation and application
From: Evaluation of agar spray for the development of a green surfactant-free rigid emulsions
Sample | System | Tailored options | Preparation | Application | Clearance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Oil paint with dammar XVIII sec.(fragment) | Surfactant-free O/W micro- emulsion Polysaccharide-based gel [spray on dammar varnish] | ASE1: Buffered waters with a pH 6 in Agar (3% w/w) and solvent DBE 5% | Buffer solution made with citric acid and sodium hydroxide. Disperse the polysaccharide powder in buffered water, heat the solution at ~ 95 °C under stirring. The gel is cooled until it has gelled completely. The gel was dissolved again in a microwave. 5% of DBE was added in agar sol, mixed rapidly and inserted in spray gun. (Wall Sprayer Model W 450 by Wagner Spa) | Direct spray application Agar containing buffered water and 5% DBE was sprayed onto the dammar varnish. The agar temperature was selected based on the room’s temperature and relative humidity conditions during application. This created a uniform gel layer approximately 2 mm thick over a 3 × 3 cm area, which was left in place for 2 minutes. The gel was then gently peeled away from the surface | Not required for pure hydrogels. When uploaded with active agents, involve the application of the same gel with deionized water (pH 6) for the same period. The gels can transfer a thin layer of liquid onto the surface, which can be removed by blotting the gel well before application; equally the paint surface can be lightly blotted after application if appropriate |
As above | As above | ASE2: as above solvent DBE 10% | As above. 10% of DBE was added in agar sol, mixed rapidly and inserted in spray gun | Direct spray application- Agar containing the buffered water and 10% of DBE was sprayed on dammar varnish. As above | As above |
As above | As above | ASE3: as above solvent DBE 15% | As above. 15% of DBE was added in agar sol, mixed rapidly and inserted in spray gun | Direct spray application- Agar containing the buffered water and 15% of DBE was sprayed on dammar varnish. As above | As above |
Oil paint with dammar XVIII sec.(fragment) | Buffer solution in Polysaccharide-based gel [spray on plate] | ASE1: Buffered waters with a pH 6 in Agar (3% w/w) and solvent DBE 5% | Buffer solution made with citric acid and sodium hydroxide. Disperse the polysaccharide powder in buffered water, heat the solution at ~ 95 °C under stirring. The gel is cooled until it has gelled completely. The gel was dissolved again in a microwave. 5% of DBE was added in agar sol, mixed rapidly and inserted in spray gun. (Wall Sprayer Model W 450 by Wagner Spa) | Indirect spray application- Agar containing buffered water and 5% DBE was sprayed onto a plate. After blotting with Whatman filter paper, a spray gel piece, measuring 3 cm in diameter and 2 mm thick, was placed on the oil paint with dammar for 2 minutes. Light finger pressure was applied to optimize adhesion. After the contact time, the gel was then gently peeled away from the surface. | Not required for pure hydrogels. When uploaded with active agents, involve the application of the same gel with deionized water (pH 6) for the same period. The gels can transfer a thin layer of liquid onto the surface, which can be removed by blotting the gel well before application; equally, the paint surface can be lightly blotted after application if appropriate |
As above | As above | ASE2: as above solvent DBE 10% | As above. 10% of DBE was added in agar sol, mixed rapidly, and inserted in spray gun | Indirect spray application- Agar containing the buffered water and 10% of DBE was sprayed on plate. As above | As above |
As above | As above | ASE3: as above solvent DBE 15% | As above. 15% of DBE was added in agar sol, mixed rapidly and inserted in spray gun | Indirect spray application- Agar containing the buffered water and 15% of DBE was sprayed on plate. As above | As above |
