Fig. 4: Elemental distribution of ink and parchment.
From: From fragments to text and ink: a scientific and historical study of an Umayyad Qur’ān
a XRF spectra of the main ink used for the writing of the three fragments and the corresponding region on parchment (dotted lines). b Distribution of elements (other than iron) present in the inks (primary and secondary) across the three fragments. Notice the low net intensity values for Manganese and Zinc.
