Table 5 Comparison of manual and intelligent HBIM modeling performance across three drum tower types (mean ± standard deviation)

From: Intelligent Hbim modeling of traditional timber architectural heritage, integrating machine vision and architectural expertise

Single-bay basic type

Manual

86.13 ± 0.506

94.89 ± 0.269

6.722 ± 0.038

Intelligent

99.0 ± 0.205

99.42 ± 0.199

0.592 ± 0.038

Variant type

Manual

89.16 ± 0.481

92.95 ± 0.412

7.104 ± 0.036

Intelligent

99.32 ± 0.181

98.77 ± 0.287

0.494 ± 0.039

Double-bay similar type

Manual

84.87 ± 0.356

94.11 ± 0.425

8.403 ± 0.049

Intelligent

99.32 ± 0.175

98.66 ± 0.403

0.68 ± 0.047

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