Fig. 8: SEM images of the specimen surfaces after desalination.

a Control specimen without inhibitor. NaCl crystal morphology on the sample surface. b FCN-XPP treated specimen. Deformed NaCl crystals on the surface. c–e Fe(II)-mTA-XPP treated specimen. c Abundant deformed NaCl crystals on the surface. d Deformed NaCl crystals within a sample pore. e Dislocation morphology of NaCl crystals precipitated in a pore. f–h Fe(III)-mTA-XPP treated specimen. f Numerous deformed NaCl crystals on the surface. g Dislocation morphology of NaCl crystals within a pore. h Enlarged view of the area marked by the red circle in (g).