Fig. 23: Comparison of skeleton curves and secant stiffness.

a Seleton curve of DGPS, b Secant stiffness of DGPS, c Seleton curve of DGZT, d Secant stiffness of DGZT, e Seleton curve of DGJ, f Secant stiffness of DGJ.

a Seleton curve of DGPS, b Secant stiffness of DGPS, c Seleton curve of DGZT, d Secant stiffness of DGZT, e Seleton curve of DGJ, f Secant stiffness of DGJ.