Table 3 Fasting and postprandial glucose, insulin, and C-peptide responses after an MMT.

From: Greater early postprandial GLP-1 increase after Roux-en-Y than one-anastomosis gastric bypass, with unchanged secretin: a randomized controlled trial

Outcome

RYGB

OAGB

RYGB vs. OAGB

GM (IQR)

Change (95% CI)

p-value

GM (IQR)

Change (95% CI)

p-value

Differencea (95% CI)

p-value

Glucose

Fasting (mmol/l)

 Baseline

5.7 (5.3–6.2)

  

6.2 (5.5–6.7)

  

−8% (−16 to 1)

0.082

 6 months

5.3 (5.0–5.6)

−7% (−14 to −0)

0.042

5.2 (5.0–5.5)

−15% (−21 to −8)

<0.001

8% (−3 to 21)

0.138

 12 months

5.2 (4.9–5.5)

−9% (−15 to −2)

0.012

5.4 (4.8–5.8)

−13% (−19 to −5)

0.001

4% (−7 to 16)

0.467

Peak (mmol/l)

 Baseline

8.4 (7.2–9.6)

  

9.0 (7.2–11.0)

  

−7% (−20 to 8)

0.361

 6 months

11.5 (10.6–13.0)

37% (26 to 50)

<0.001

10.4 (8.9–12.3)

17% (6 to 29)

0.003

18% (3 to 35)

0.016

 12 months

11.7 (10.5–13.0)

39% (27 to 53)

<0.001

9.9 (8.5–11.5)

9% (−1 to 21)

0.074

28% (11 to 46)

0.001

Total AUC 360 min (mmol/l × min)

 Baseline

2341 (2170–2561)

  

2474 (2064–2711)

  

−5% (−16 to 6)

0.350

 6 months

2160 (2040–2265)

−8% (−13 to −2)

0.012

2235 (1954–2366)

−10% (−16 to −4)

0.003

2% (−7 to 12)

0.614

 12 months

2129 (1971–2231)

−9% (−15 to −3)

0.005

2207 (1944–2173)

−11% (−17 to −5)

0.001

2% (−7 to 12)

0.633

Early AUC 60 min (mmol/l × min)

 Baseline

426 (395–460)

  

445 (377–518)

  

−4% (−16 to 9)

0.501

 6 months

579 (536–633)

36% (26 to 47)

<0.001

513 (447–591)

16% (7 to 27)

0.001

17% (4 to 32)

0.009

 12 months

566 (521–633)

33% (22 to 45)

<0.001

497 (431–539)

12% (3 to 22)

0.012

19% (5 to 34)

0.006

Insulin

Fasting (pmol/l)

 Baseline

14.8 (8.0–33.1)

  

15.6 (11.7–21.4)

  

−5% (−38 to 46)

0.812

 6 months

6.8 (4.9–10.3)

−54% (−65 to −41)

<0.001

5.4 (4.3–7.8)

−65% (−73 to −54)

<0.001

29% (−11 to 88)

0.173

 12 months

5.1 (3.7–8.6)

−65% (−73 to −55)

<0.001

4.4 (3.3–6.9)

−70% (−78 to −60)

<0.001

16% (−21 to 71)

0.445

Peak (pmol/l)

 Baseline

101.1 (67.1–145.1)

  

86.8 (52.0–140.2)

  

16% (−24 to 78)

0.477

 6 months

287.9 (222.0–434.6)

185% (121 to 266)

<0.001

207.4 (133.1–345.8)

155% (92 to 237)

<0.001

12% (−23 to 63)

0.556

 12 months

280.0 (180.4–434.0)

177% (111 to 263)

<0.001

158.9 (89.6–272.0)

92% (46 to 153)

<0.001

44% (−2 to 111)

0.062

Total AUC 360 min (pmol/l × min)

 Baseline

17490 (11040–31013)

  

15496 (10680–24953)

  

13% (−23 to 65)

0.527

 6 months

21619 (15938–33299)

24% (−1 to 54)

0.057

15309 (9153–28402)

3% (−19 to 30)

0.819

20% (−13 to 66)

0.255

 12 months

18431 (13572–30013)

5% (−17 to 33)

0.664

11802 (8004–20264)

−19% (−36 to 3)

0.079

30% (−7 to 82)

0.118

Early AUC 60 min (pmol/l × min)

 Baseline

3729 (2428–5996)

  

3067 (1854–4637)

  

22% (−19 to 82)

0.341

 6 months

11707 (8850–19001)

214% (148 to 297)

<0.001

7604 (4782–12812)

163% (105 to 239)

<0.001

19% (−16 to 68)

0.316

 12 months

10920 (7834–17435)

192% (126 to 278)

<0.001

6219 (3999–9575)

114% (65 to 178)

<0.001

37% (−5 to 96)

0.089

C-peptide

Fasting (pmol/l)

 Baseline

1.0 (0.8–1.4)

  

0.9 (0.7–1.2)

  

11% (−16 to 45)

0.461

 6 months

0.7 (0.5–0.9)

−31% (−42 to −17)

<0.001

0.5 (0.5–0.7)

−39% (−49 to -26)

<0.001

13% (−13 to 47)

0.355

 12 months

0.5 (0.4–0.7)

−44% (−53 to −33)

<0.001

0.5 (0.4–0.6)

−41% (−52 to -29)

<0.001

−4% (−27 to 25)

0.736

Peak (pmol/l)

 Baseline

3.0 (2.1–3.5)

  

2.6 (1.9–3.9)

  

14% (−12 to 49)

0.309

 6 months

5.6 (4.6–7.5)

85% (57 to 118)

<0.001

4.2 (3.2–6.1)

66% (37 to 100)

<0.001

12% (−13 to 43)

0.383

 12 months

5.2 (4.3–6.7)

72% (44 to 104)

<0.001

3.5 (2.6–4.8)

37% (14 to 65)

0.001

25% (−3 to 62)

0.084

Total AUC 360 min (pmol/l × min)

 Baseline

753 (557–910)

  

628 (505–822)

  

20% (−4 to 50)

0.115

 6 months

756 (590–975)

0% (−13 to 16)

0.957

607 (439–821)

−1% (−16 to 15)

0.870

2% (−18 to 26)

0.875

 12 months

611 (516–743)

−19% −30 to -6)

0.006

494 (420–586)

−19% (−31 to -5)

0.008

0% (−19 to 24)

0.976

Early AUC 60 min (pmol/l × min)

 Baseline

112 (85–152)

  

92 (71–126)

  

21% (−9 to 61)

0.181

 6 months

236 (176–333)

110% (80 to 146)

<0.001

171 (129–233)

94% (64 to 130)

<0.001

8% (−14 to 37)

0.484

 12 months

217 (183–280)

94% (65 to 128)

<0.001

151 (111–194)

69% (42 to 101)

<0.001

15% (−9 to 45)

0.253

  1. Differences in changes in glucose, insulin and C-peptide responses during a 360-min mixed-meal test between patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and one-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB). Summary statistics are presented as geometric means (GM) with interquartile ranges (IQR). Results were derived from linear mixed-effects models with log-transformed outcomes and random intercepts for participants. Model estimates were exponentiated to yield ratios of geometric means and are expressed as percentage within-group changes, or between-group differences/differences in changes to facilitate interpretation. Statistically significant changes in the table are bolded.
  2. aAt baseline, the percentage difference in baseline values. At 6 and 12 months, the percentage difference in change from baseline (ratio of fold-changes, group × time -interaction).
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