Fig. 2

P-type ATPase transporter (PtaT) plays an important role in the internalization and antimicrobial effect of modified tsRNAs on Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC 23726. a, b Fn ΔgalK and Fn ΔgalK ΔptaT were treated with 500 nM MOD-(OMe)-000794 (a), and MOD-(OMe)-scrambled (b) for 5 h followed by SYTOX Green staining. c SYTOX Green quantification assay. Each dot represents the normalized raw and integrated fluorescence intensity (calculated from the fluorescence channel) to the total area of bacteria (calculated from the transmission channel), given a certain field of view (FOV). Multiple dots within a group were the FOVs chosen randomly from three biological replicates. Statistical analysis was achieved by Student’s unpaired t-test. ns, not significant, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. d Visualization of internalized 5′ Cy3_000794 by Fn ΔgalK and Fn ΔgalK ΔptaT through super-resolution Airyscan confocal microscopy. Fn ΔgalK and Fn ΔgalK ΔptaT were incubated with 5′ Cy3_000794 for 5 h, followed by imaging. e Scatter plot showing the single-cell intracellular fluorescence intensity from 5′ Cy3_000794 between Fn ΔgalK and Fn ΔgalK ΔptaT. ****P < 0.000 1