Table 2 Drinking water PFAS detections and concentrations (ng/L) for the study area averaged by sampling location (2019–2022).

From: Associations between PFAS in public water system drinking water and serum among Southern California adults

Analyte

CCRDL

Water systems (n)a

Detection frequencyb

Sampling Locations (n)

75th percentilec

95th percentilec

Maxc

Perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids

 PFTeDA

4

69

0%

786

<CCRDL

<CCRDL

<CCRDL

 PFTrDA

4

69

0%

786

<CCRDL

<CCRDL

<CCRDL

 PFDoA

4

69

0%

786

<CCRDL

<CCRDL

<CCRDL

 PFUnDA

4

69

0%

786

<CCRDL

<CCRDL

<CCRDL

 PFDeA

4

69

7.3%

786

<CCRDL

<CCRDL

6.60

 PFNA

4

70

11.4%

787

<CCRDL

<CCRDL

10.1

 PFOA

4

70

48.6%

788

5.23

18.9

204

 PFHpA

4

70

30.0%

787

<CCRDL

6.27

52.5

 PFHxA

4

69

43.5%

786

<CCRDL

18.6

130

Perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids

 PFOS

4

70

47.1%

788

5.76

31.9

232

 PFHxS

4

70

48.6%

787

4.24

12.6

266

 PFBS

4

70

47.1%

787

<CCRDL

11.0

45.1

Perfluoroalkane sulfonamido acetic acids

 Me-PFOSA-AcOH

4

69

0%

786

<CCRDL

<CCRDL

<CCRDL

 Et-PFOSA-AcOH

4

69

2.9%

786

<CCRDL

<CCRDL

<CCRDL

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl ether carboxylic acids

 HFPO-DA

4

68

0%

754

<CCRDL

<CCRDL

<CCRDL

 ADONA

2

68

2.9%

754

<CCRDL

<CCRDL

5.06

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acids

 11Cl-PF3OUdS

2

68

0%

754

<CCRDL

<CCRDL

<CCRDL

 9Cl-PF3ONS

2

68

0%

754

<CCRDL

<CCRDL

<CCRDL

  1. CCRDL Consumer Confidence Report Detection Limit, PFTeDA perfluorotetradecanoic acid, PFTrDA perfluorotridecanoic acid, PFDoA perfluorododecanoic acid, PFUnDA perfluoroundecanoic acid, PFDeA perfluorodecanoic acid, PFNA perfluorononanoic acid, PFOA perfluorooctanoic acid, PFHpA perfluoroheptanoic acid, PFHxA perfluorohexanoic acid, PFOS perfluorooctane sulfonic acid, PFHxS perfluorohexane sulfonic acid, PFBS perfluorobutane sulfonic acid, Me-PFOSA-AcOH N-methyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido acetic acid, Et-PFOSA-AcOH N-ethyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido acetic acid, HFPO-DA hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid, ADONA 4,8-dioxa-3H-perfluorononanoic acid, 11ClPF3OUdS 11-chloroeicosafluoro-3-oxaundecane-1-sulfonic acid, 9ClPF3ONS 9-chlorohexadecafluoro-3-oxanone-1-sulfonic acid.
  2. aStudy area represents 788 sampling locations from 70 Southern California water systems where CARE participants live out of a total of 2680 sampling locations from 388 water systems California-wide that were sampled during the 2019–2022 investigative orders.
  3. bA Detection frequency represents the percentage of tested water systems with at least one detection.
  4. cDrinking water concentrations represent the average concentration for each sampling location. Each sampling location was sampled a mean of 9 (range 1–101) times.
Back to article page