Table 4 Comparison of the median concentrations in our study versus NHANES (µg/L).

From: Analysis of 18 mercapturic acids in urine samples from the German Environmental Specimen Bank—tackling the data gap in the human biomonitoring of VOCs in Europe

MA

Study

2000

2005/2006

2010

2011/2012

2013/2014

2015/2016

2017/2018

2019

2021

2CyEMA

present study (ESB)

1.96

1.25

1.14

  

0.825

 

0.824

0.863

 

NHANES

 

1.88

 

1.78

1.69

1.48

1.44

  

2HEMA

present study (ESB)

1.22

0.661

0.665

  

0.699

 

0.727

0.568

 

NHANES

 

<LODa

 

0.895

<LODa

<LODa

<LODa

  

3HMPMA

present study (ESB)

119

97.5

84.3

  

75.8

 

86.0

75.9

 

NHANES

 

231

 

248

222

248

214

  

BzMA

present study (ESB)

10.5

6.97

6.90

  

6.17

 

6.42

6.01

 

NHANES

 

6.62

 

6.31

6.24

6.16

5.75

  

PhMA

present study (ESB)

0.240

0.135

0.141

  

0.0965

 

0.125

0.0910

 

NHANES

 

<LODb

 

<LODb

<LODb

<LODb

   

2CaEMA

present study (ESB)

42.3

31.4

27.9

  

21.2

 

26.4

24.2

 

NHANES

 

56.3

 

45.2

45.8

51.6

51.8

  

2CaHEMA

present study (ESB)

8.30

6.45

   

6.55

 

5.45

4.90

 

NHANES

 

11.8

 

<LODc

<LODc

<LODc

   

MCaMA

present study (ESB)

104

68.9

67.5

  

58.4

 

54.9

48.4

 

NHANES

 

150

 

163

141

145

157

  

34HBMA

present study (ESB)

484

382

392

  

296

 

328

293

 

NHANES

 

294

 

281

267

348

350

  

2HPMA

present study (ESB)

17.4

13.8

13.3

  

11.9

 

15.5

12.0

 

NHANES

 

37.4

 

32.1

25.3

30.6

29.0

  

3HPMA

present study (ESB)

204

152

163

  

140

 

144

138

 

NHANES

 

247

 

220

210

249

246

  
  1. aLOD = 0.791 µg/L.      
  2. bLOD = 0.600 µg/L.
  3. cLOD = 9.40 µg/L.