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Social determinants of health and hypertension screening among women in The Gambia: an evaluation of 2019-2020 demographic and health survey data

Journal of Human Hypertension volume 39, pages 148–154 (2025)Cite this article

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Abstract

Hypertension is a leading modifiable risk factor for morbidity and mortality among women in Sub-Saharan Africa. Social determinants of health (SDH) are associated with sex-based differences in access to preventative screenings globally. Little research has assessed the influence of SDH on screening for hypertension among women in The Gambia. The aim of this study was to identify SDH associated with the utilization of hypertension screening among women in The Gambia. Data was examined from the 2019–2020 Gambia Demographic and Health Survey. Weighted multivariate logistic was used to identify whether SDH were associated with hypertension screening. Among 4116 women, over one-fifth (21.1%) had not been screened for hypertension in their lifetime. In fully adjusted models, older age, rural residence, higher than secondary educational attainment, employment, identification with specific ethnic groups, richer wealth status, parity (1 or more), and antenatal care visits increased the likelihood of lifetime hypertension screening. Women who indicated that others made their healthcare decisions for them (partners or someone else) were significantly less likely to have been screened for hypertension in their lifetime than women who made their healthcare decisions alone (adjusted odds ratio = 0.552, 95% confidence interval = (0.384–0.794)). SDH influence access to screening for hypertension among women in The Gambia. Initiatives may need to address the role of SDH to improve access and uptake of hypertension screening.

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Data is publicly available at [25].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Arcadia University, Glenside, PA, USA

    Heather F. McClintock & Rose Nkiri Asong

  2. Department of Health and Human Performance, The Leahy College of Health Science, University of Scranton, Scranton, PA, USA

    Victoria Peacock

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  1. Heather F. McClintock
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  2. Victoria Peacock
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  3. Rose Nkiri Asong
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Contributions

HM conceptualized the study and performed data analysis. VP, RNA, and HM interpreted data findings, wrote the initial manuscript and revisions of it. All authors reviewed and approved the submitted version.

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Correspondence to Heather F. McClintock.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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The study was deemed exempt by the Arcadia Institutional Review Board.

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McClintock, H.F., Peacock, V. & Nkiri Asong, R. Social determinants of health and hypertension screening among women in The Gambia: an evaluation of 2019-2020 demographic and health survey data. J Hum Hypertens 39, 148–154 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41371-024-00945-y

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