Fig. 1: Annual rates of early antibiotic initiation among very low birth weight infants by risk category, 2009–2025.

Annual proportions of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants receiving antibiotics on days 0–3 after birth from 2009 through April 2025 are shown by delivery risk category. The orange line represents low-risk infants (delivered by cesarean for maternal indications, without labor or rupture of membranes before delivery), and the blue line represents higher-risk infants. * Data for 2024–2025 were combined, as the sustainability period includes infants born through April 2025 only.