Table 1 Risk Factors for Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn.

From: Phenotyping persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn: recognition of its persistence across world symposium on pulmonary hypertension classifications

Maternal

• Race (Black, Asian)

• Obesity

• Asthma

• Chorioamnionitis

• Gestational diabetes

• Drugs: NSAIDs, tobacco, SSRI

• Advanced maternal age

• Gestational Hypertension

• Pre-eclampsia

Fetal

• Fetal anemia (hemolytic, congenital)

• Fetal growth restriction

• Oligohydramnios

• Prolonged rupture of membranes

• Restrictive lung growth disease

• Congenital diaphragmatic hernia

• Neuromuscular disorder

Postnatal

• Large-for-gestational age

• Prematurity

• Post-term ( > 41 weeks)

• C-section

• Male

• Perinatal asphyxia

• Meconium aspiration

• Respiratory distress syndrome

• Trisomy 21

• TBX4

• Left to right shunt

• Left heart failure

• Left-sided obstructive lesions

• Surfactant protein deficiencies

• Alveolar capillary dysplasia

• Structural airway disease

• Flow-mediated (vein of Galen malformation, coronary artery fistula)

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