Fig. 4

a Illustration of the GCG nanowire, where the enantiomeric pair is placed 5 nm above the output plane of the nanowire. The GCG nanowire is launched by a coherent superposition of the TM SPP and EH SPP modes at the input with an incident light intensity of 100 mW/μm2. b The distribution of ∇K at λoper = 4 μm. c Fχ exerted on the chiral nanoparticles (R = 3 nm) with κ = −1 (left column) and κ = + 1 (right column) at λoper = 4 μm. The white solid lines are used to outline the structure’s geometry. The direction and color of the arrows represent the direction and magnitude of ∇K and Fχ, respectively