Fig. 3: Frequency separation of the fiber-optic harmonograph for high-definition and high frame rate Lissajous scanning.

a Schematic illustration of the fiber-optic harmonograph with a silicon spring and mass. b Color map from FEM analysis of ∆f depending on L1 and L2. The yellow contour lines of κy/κx depending on L1 and L2 are placed over the ∆f color map. L1 and the L2 were set to be 2.25 mm and 2.5 mm within the red region (∆f> 200 Hz and κy/κx< 1.4). c Optical image of the fiber-optic harmonograph consisting of a quadruple PZT tube, a single mode optical fiber, and micromachined silicon structures. d Frequency response of the fiber-optic harmonograph. The resonant frequencies for the x-axis and y-axis are fully decoupled without any mechanical coupling. e 1D scanning lines showing clear line patterns without mechanical cross-coupling. Scale bar = 500 μm