Fig. 5: Gas sensing properties of the three samples (i.e., S@Z0, S@Z20, and S@Z20-Z5).

a Response of all three samples at different operating temperatures (i.e., 150, 200, 250, and 300°C); b dynamic response curves of all three samples with different hierarchical structures facing the reducing gas of H2S with various concentrations ranging from 3 to 1 ppm at 250°C; c response of all three samples facing other various reducing gases (1 ppm), namely, NH3, CH3COCH3, C7H8, and HCHO, compared with 1 ppm H2S at 250°C; d the characterization of long-term stability for sample S@Z20-Z5 in air for a month; e enlarged responses of samples S@Z0, S@Z20, and S@Z20-Z5 facing 1 ppm H2S at 250°C with fast response and recovery