Fig. 2: Chip fabrication. | Microsystems & Nanoengineering

Fig. 2: Chip fabrication.

From: Chip-based ion chromatography (chip-IC) with a sensitive five-electrode conductivity detector for the simultaneous detection of multiple ions in drinking water

Fig. 2: Chip fabrication.

a Schematic of the fabrication process: (1) micromilling to prototype single-layered chips; (2) chips cleaned and assembled; and (3) laser bonding to seal the interface. b Infrared photograph of the laser-bonded chip with c an enlarged view of the heat-affected zone (HAZ). Photograph of the embedded d frit and e valve membrane

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