Table 1 Advantages and disadvantages of common and micro/nanodevices in stomatology and ophthalmology
From: Micro/nanodevices for assessment and treatment in stomatology and ophthalmology
Stomatology | Ophthalmology | |
|---|---|---|
Traditional devices | ||
Advantages | Dental X-ray: auxiliary diagnosis, convenient and quick Saliva test: low cost, fast detection results Syringe: commercialized, can be produced in large quantities, and can be used quickly and conveniently | Ophthalmoscope: easy detection of common ocular problems, such as fundus lesions SECTR probe: wide application range, can be used to check cornea, aqueous humor, lens, optic disc, retina, choroid, etc. Eye drop: simple, easy, effective local treatment Mechanical drilling: direct drug delivery into the retina |
Challenges | Dental X-ray: needs to be combined with clinical examination Saliva test: poor detection specificity due to oral cavity microorganisms and other interference factors Syringe: pain | Ophthalmoscope: special problems, such as abnormal intraocular pressure, cannot be detected Eye drop: poor permeability, only suitable for local surface inflammation and infection Mechanical drilling: technically sensitive, traumatic |
Micro/nanodevices | ||
Advantages | Saliva immune sensor: good specificity and sensitivity, can eliminate interference Microneedle patch: minimally invasive, painless, and highly effective drug delivery | Tear sensor: easy to extract sample, simple to operate, specific detection of biomarkers Eye patch, contact lens: local, painless, minimally invasive, efficient administration |
Challenges | Saliva immune sensor: expensive, currently in the research phase Microneedle patch: currently, the dose and rate of drug release need to be customized | Tear sensor: detection of many interference factors (inorganic salt, protein, external impurities, etc.) Eye patch, contact lens: independent testing and treatment, imperfect system |
