Fig. 3: Fluid delivery through the developed microfluidic neural interface and its implantation in a rat.

a Sequential images show the delivery of colored water to a brain model made of 1% agarose. The colored water diffused into the agarose over time. b Flow rate through the microfluidic neural interface, as a function of pressure. Red dots and error bars represent means and standard deviations, respectively, while the black line represents linear fitting. Photographs of c the custom-designed head cap and d a rat implanted with the microfluidic neural interface protected by the head cap. (scale bar: 5 mm)