Fig. 4: Optical images of the μFIC.

a Top view of the μFIC. The μFIC has a microfluidic channel and connection pads to attach the FPMA (left) and the FPCB (right) (scale bar: 1 mm). b The magnified views show when the microfluidic channel is empty (left) and filled with dyed water (right). c SEM image of the μFIC. The μFIC has crater-shaped structures that help prevent the collapse of the third PPX-C layer. d Cross-sectional view of the μFIC showing the arch-shaped microfluidic channel. The width and height of the channel are ~200 and 40 µm, respectively (scale bar: 500 µm in b–d)