Fig. 7: Muscle cell differentiation on different PDMS substrates.

a Optical microscopic images of differentiated C2C12 myoblasts on the 10th day after cell seeding on PDMS surfaces duplicated from CD-R, DVD-R, BD-R, and flat PC. The directions of the nanogrooved surface are marked by solid arrows, while the directions of the myotubes on the surfaces are marked by dotted arrows. b Average width and length of myotubes that grew on the corresponding PDMS substrates. Error bars represent the SD (n = 240 myotubes). c Average number of myotubes cultured on the corresponding PDMS substrates. Error bars represent the SD (n = 1055 myotubes). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 ***P < 0.001, compared to the flat PDMS substrate. Data are results from 3 independent experiments. d Orientations of myotubes that initiated their differentiation on the nanogrooved/flat PDMS substrates for 7 days