Fig. 3: Removal performance of the bubble removal device.

a The bioinspired bubble removal device is capable of eliminating bubbles in microchannels. b Variation in bubble removal time with respect to the flow rate (10 µL/min, 15 µL/min, 20 µL/min, 25 µL/min) and pit size (20 µm, 30 µm, 40 µm, 50 µm). c Variation in the bubble removal time (171 ± 17 s, 227 ± 33 s, 260 ± 10 s, 326 ± 25 s) with respect to channel widths of 55 µm, 70 µm, 85 µm and 100 µm (pit size of the bubble removal device is 20 µm, pit distance is 20 µm and flow rate is 15 µL/min). d Variation in the bubble removal time with respect to pit distances of 20 µm, 30 µm, 40 µm and 50 µm (pit size of the bubble removal device is 20 µm, the channel width is 100 µm and flow rate is 15 µL/min). e Variation of the bubble removal time (326 ± 25 s, 245 ± 10 s, 181 ± 3 s and 132 ± 28 s) with respect to the liquid viscosity of 1 mPa·s, 65.38 mPa·s, 75.62 mPa·s and 93.57 mPa·s at 25°C (pit size of the bubble removal device is 20 µm, channel width is 100 µm and flow rate is 15 µL/min)